Equine Pregnancy And Parturition Flashcards
How many hours after fertilization does the first MRP occur?
48hrs post fertilization
After how many days post ovulation does the embryo enter the uterus?
6 days post ovulation
What does MRP prevent the production of?
Prostaglandin by the endometrium
MRP involves the movement of _____ around the ______
MRP involves the movement of the embryo around the uterus.
What is secreted by the embryo during MRP?
Anti-luteolysins/luteotrophic substances by the embryo.
Conceptus mobility occurs between day ___ and ____
Conceptus mobility occurs between day 7 and 16
What hormone is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy (called the Pregnancy hormone)?
Progesterone
The inhibition of _____ secretion allows the P____ ____ to persist.
The inhibition of PGF2a secretion allows the Primary CL to persist.
After how many days have the primary and secondary CL disappeared entirely?
210 days
After what period of time does the primary and secondary CL begin to disappear?
160 days
When does the fetoplacental unit begin to secrete progestins?
60-100 + days
What does the fetoplacental unit secrete?
progestins
Additional follicles on both ovaries leads to the formation of……?
Secondary follicle
After how many days do additional follicles develop?
> 35-40 days
From day ____ until day _____ foetal enlargement occurs.
From day 80 until day 250 foetal enlargement occurs.
Where is the precursor for oestrogen produced?
Fetal gonads
Oestrogens are important for uterine ____, uterine ______ and _______
Oestrogens are important for uterine blood supply, uterine hypertrophy and parturition.
When do endometrial cups form?
> day 35-120
What type of cells invade the endometrium during the formation of endometrial cups?
Trophoblast cels
Where do endometrial cups form?
Chorionic girdle
What does eCG stand for?
Equine chorionic gonadotrophin
eCG has ___ like activity.
eCG has LH like activity
eCG peaks at days __-__
eCG peaks at days 50-75
What does eCG assist the formation of?
supplementary CLs
What is the role of eCG during pregnancy?
Immunoregulation
When does the eCG slough?
Day 110-130
When does placentation begin?
Day 40
When is the placenta mature by?
Day 120-150
Ultrasound per rectum to diagnose pregnancy is done how many days post ovulation?
14-15 days post OV
During a pregnancy diagnosis via palpation per rectum , what is noted in a pregnant mare?
Bulge in the base of the pregnant horn
After how many days post OV is palpation per rectum done to determine pregnancy diagnosis for the mare?
> 30 days
When conducting a pregnancy diagnostic ultrasound schedule, how many days post OV should the first exam be conducted?
14 days
What is done during the 14 day first exam on an ultrasound schedule?
Count CLs, look for twins, reduce twins.
After how many days is a second check done in an US schedule?
16 days
At 28 days post OV, what is checked on the ultrasound schedule?
Foetal heartbeat
When is the final check completed on an ultrasound schedule?
45-65 days
What is conducted on the final check on an US schedule?
Foetal sex
One method of pregnancy diagnosis is teasing the mare with a stallion. When should this be conducted?
16 - 20 days post ovulation
How many days post OV should a vaginal speculum be conducted to aid in pregnancy diagnosis in the mare?
18 - 21 days post OV
eCG hormone levels are measured between days __-___ post OV to provide a pregnancy diagnosis.
eCG hormone levels are measured between days 40-120 post OV to provide a pregnancy diagnosis.
Oestrone sulphate is measured how many days post OV?
> 60 days post OV
Oestrone sulphate is measured from what body fluids?
Blood or urine
After day 14 - 15 post OV a palpation reveals what with the uterus and cervix?
Increased tone, long tightly closed cervix.
What does an US reveal day 14-15 post OV?
Vesicle
How many days post OV is the embryo considered a foetus?
Day 45 - 50
After how many days post OV is the foetal skeleton seen on an US?
Day 60-65
99% of foals are presented in which position?
Cranial
Name 3 parturition induction agents
- Oxytocin
- Prostaglandins
- Glucocorticoids
What is the drug of choice for parturition induction?
Oxytocin
Name the 3 milk electrolytes that are measured to determine readiness for birth.
- Calcium
- Potassium
- Sodium
Prior to parturition, milk electrolytes sodium _____ and potassium ____
Prior to parturition, milk electrolytes sodium decreases and potassium increases.
How many hours prior to parturition does ‘waxing up’ occur?
1-72 hours
What stage do uterine contractions occur during parturition?
Stage 1
_____ portion of foal rotates from a dorso___ to dorso__ to dorso____ position.
Cranial portion of foal rotates from a dorsopubic to dorsoilial to dorsosacral position
During what parturition stage does the chorioallantoic rupture occur?
Stage 1
Foal expulsion occurs in which stage?
Stage 2
How many minutes does stage 2 parturition take?
20-30mins
During stage 2 the cervix ____ and the fetus passes through the ___ ____
During stage 2 the cervix dilates and the fetus passes through the birth canal.
What hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland during stage 2 parturition?
Oxytocin
How long does stage 3 in parturition take?
3-6 hours
What occurs during stage 3 parturition?
Expulsion of foetal membranes
How many days post partum does the uterus begin to reduce in size?
7 days
When does uterus histological repair post partum?
14 days
How many days after parturition does the mare begin to ovulate again?
13 days post partum
