Bovine Pregnancy and Parturition Flashcards
The CL of ruminants produces what hormone?
Oxytocin
Oxytocin stimulates e_______ cells to produce P____
Oxytocin stimulates endometrial cells to produce PGF2a
P4 inhibits the release of what hormone?
Oxytocin
What occurs after pulsatile PGF2a?
Luteolysis
How many days post ovulation does maternal recognition of pregnancy occur in the cow?
15 - 17 days
What hormone is secreted by the embryo that acts on endometrial cells to inhibit oxytocin release?
IFN-tau
P4 exerts a negative feedback on what type of neuron?
GnRH
Cows have what type of placenta?
Cotyledonary
One of the positive signs of pregnancy in the cow is a fetal membrane slip. After how many days does this occur?
30-70 days
When does the amniotic vesicle form?
Day 28 - 65
After how many months does the placentome form?
3 months
After how many days can the fetus be detected via ballottement or palpation?
> 65 days
F__ ___ ___, a____ _____, p_____ and f___ are the four positive signs of pregnancy
Fetal membrane slip, amniotic vesicles, placentomes and fetus are the four positive signs of pregnancy
At what stage of gestation is the fetus the size of a mouse?
2 months
At 6 months into gestation, what does the fetus resemble?
beagle dog
After how many days is a transrectal ultrasound accurate in pregnancy diagnosis?
> 30days
After how many days can the gender of the fetus be determined by transrectal ultrasound?
60-80 days
Name the 2 pregnancy hormones in maternal blood.
- Progesterone
2. Oestrogens
Milk ______ is a chemical indicator of pregnancy in cows
Milk progesterone is a chemical indicator of pregnancy in cows
What does high milk progesterone indicate?
Presence of CL
After >100 days of gestation, this product of the placenta can be detected to confirm a pregnancy diagnosis
Blood estrone sulphate
What protein accurately detects pregnant cows 34 days post insemination?
Bovine Pregnancy Specific Protein B
Symmetric uterus is a supportive sign of pregnancy. True or False?
False - asymmetrical uterus is a sign of pregnancy
What is the fremitus?
Middle uterine artery
What triggers the onset of parturition?
Fetus
What does the fetal pituitary secrete in response to space limitation and onset of parturition?
ACTH
What hormone is released from the fetal adrenal cortex in response to ACTH secretion from the fetal pituitary?
Cortisol
What does the fetus do in the first stage of parturition?
Rotates
The chorioallantois ruptures in the first stage of parturition - True or False?
True
During the 1st stage of parturition, what does the cervix do?
Dilates
The Ferguson’s reflex occurs in what stage of parturition?
2nd
Foetal expulsion occurs in which stage of parturition?
2nd
What occurs in the 3rd and final stage of parturition?
Expulsion of fetal membranes
Name the 2 drugs that can be administered to induce parturition in the cow.
- Dexamethasone
2. Prostaglandins
Administering prostaglandin induces calving within how many hours?
48hrs
Administering dexamethasone induces calving within how many hours?
70 hrs
What is the risk associated with inducing parturition?
Retained fetal membranes/ placenta
Primary uterine inertia is usually caused by the failure of what?
Myometrial contraction failure
Myometrial exhaustion can lead to what?
Secondary uterine inertia
Myometrial contraction failure can lead to….
Primary uterine inertia
Apart from primary and secondary uterine inertia, what is another cause of dystocia in the cow?
Abnormal birth canal
What is the first step in assisting the cow with calving?
Assess the size of the calf relative to he birth canal
Which direction should you pull the obstetrical chains?
Downwards
What is the main source of P4?
CL
The maternal recognition hormone is….
IFN-tau
What are the 2 placental hormones?
- Lactogen
2. P4
