Equilibrium - Chemical Flashcards
In the reaction A + B <–> C + D, what happens if more A is added?
A, C, and D increase
B decreases
Reaction is shifted to the right
In the reaction A + B <–> C + D, what happens if C is removed?
C, A, and B decrease
D increases
Reaction shifts to the right
What is favored when adding heat to an endothermic reaction?
The products are favored
What is favored when removing heat from an endothermic reaction?
The reactants are favored
What is Le Chatelier’s principle?
When change is introducted to an equilibrium, the reaction will shift to minimize the change
What is the only factor that affects the equilibrium constant K?
Temperature
How does a reaction shift with pressure change?
Towards the side with fewer moles of gas
How does K change for an exothermic reaction?
When increasing and decreasing temperature
K decreases for increased temperature (favor reactants)
K increases for decreased temperature (favor products)
How does K change for an endothermic reaction?
When increasing and decreasing temperature
K increases for increased temperature (favor products)
K decreases for decreased temperature (favor reactants)
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of molecules through a semi-permeal membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration (to reach equilibrium)
What are different applications of osmosis?
Three categories with 3-4 processes
Biological: Blood, liver, cell balance, plant watering
Industrial: water desalination, decontamination (reverse osmosis)
Food preservation: canning, pickling, salted meat
What is Raoult’s law?
The vapor pressure of a solvent above a solution is equal to that of the pure solvent scaled at a mole fraction
Would a higher or lower concentration of NaCl evaporate first in a closed system?
Lower (higher vapor pressure)
