equilibria and redox

Question 1

when does dynamic equilibrium happen

Answer 1

only in a closed system that is at a constant temperature

Question 2

what is dynamic equilibrium

Answer 2

when the forward reaction is going at the same rate as the backwards reaction of the concentration of reactants and products remains constant

Question 3

what is Le Chateliers principle

Answer 3

if a reaction is at equilibrium is subjected to a change in either concentration, temperature or pressure the equilibrium will move to counteract the change

Question 4

what happens to equilibrium if you increase the concentration of the reactant

Answer 4

shifts right towards the products to get rid of the extra reagent

Question 5

what happens to equilibrium if you increase the concentration of the product

Answer 5

shifts left towards the reactants to remove the extra product

Question 6

what happens to the equilibria if you increase the pressure

Answer 6

increasing the pressure shifts the equilibrium to the side with fewer gas molecules to counterbalance the pressure

Question 7

what happens to equilibria if you increase the temperature

Answer 7

it shifts in the endothermic direction to absorb the heat

Question 8

what are the standard conditions for industrial processes

Answer 8

60-70 atm
300 degrees

Question 9

what is the equation for equilibrium constant

Answer 9

Kc= [D]d x [E]e / [A]a x [B]b

Question 10

what is equilibrium constant affected by and what are the two ways

Answer 10

temperature

in endothermic reactions the Kc increases
in exothermic reactions the Kc decreases

Question 11

what conditions do you need to maximize yield

Answer 11

pressure- you want the equilibrium to be as far right as possible if you are wanting to make more products so you want to change the pressure so the right side is favored. So if the right side has fewer molecules you want to increase the pressure. However high pressure is expensive so you have to make a compromise.

temperature- you want to change the temperature depending on what you want more. If you want the products that are endothermic you want to increase the temperature. If you want the products that are exothermic you want a low temperature. However a high temperature is expensive to maintain and a low temperature will slow the rate of reaction so a compromise either way will have to be made.

removing the product you want will also increase the yield of it as you are causing a change in concentration so the equilibrium will shift to make more of it.

catalysts can increase the rate of reaction and aren’t used up so isn’t too expensive either