Equids in society Flashcards
1
Q
first uses and domestication
A
meat and milk
- Europe and Asia then used them for transportation, war, agriculture, art, sport
2
Q
why did the horses become extinct 8000 years ago?
A
over hunted
3
Q
How were horses reintroduced?
A
through the spanish and colonial invasion and certain populations that escaped (feral populations, native use)
4
Q
Uses of horses in NA
A
transportation (personal, commercial) & agriculture/farming
Lesser known uses:
- mining, fire protection, war/policing, pleasure
5
Q
Todays major use of horses for?
A
leisure and sport
6
Q
How has society affected the horse?
A
- weaning age = 4-6 months
- fly sheet to maintain coat
- grazing muzzles to restrict eating
- embryo transfer/cloning
- supplements
- extreme sizes
- stereotypic behaviours
7
Q
Nutrition changes and their effects?
A
- richer pastures
- processed and commercial feeds
- supplements galore
=
- overfeeding
- obesity
- laminitis –> directly linked to obesity (changes in glucose metabolism and insulin dynamics; changes in blood flow)
- toxicities –> iodine –> goiter (industry encourages over-supplementation)
8
Q
Mangement and their effects
A
Nutrition:
- daily structure
- feeding times
- large meals
- little to no turnout
- limited social interaction
=
- gastric ulcers
- colic
- stereotypic behaviours
9
Q
What should our goals regarding the management of horses include?
A
- feed horses to meet increased nutritional demands while being sensitive to their innate behaviour and digestive system
- focus on forage (hay is so important)
10
Q
Strategies to consider when managing horses
A
- feed for the need
- monitor BCS
- balancers and vitamin/mineral supplements - time management
- jolly balls
- hay feeders - social enrichment
