EQ3: Why are there demographic and cultural tensions in diverse places Flashcards
What are the pros of a flow line diagram?
-Shows inflows and outflows on one graph
-Visual
-Clearly shows patterns
-Shows origin and destination
-Shows volume of movement
What are the cons of a flow line diagram?
-No specific figures
-No explanation on why they’re moving
-Unclear/confusing
-Prone to human error
What is polarised prosperity?
People at the top prosper, people at the bottom suffer
What is a zero sum phenomenon?
Migration gain can only occur if there is a loss of migrants in another area
What is the timeline of UK movement?
-1930s had a severe economic depression which hit industrial northern areas hard causing lots of unemployment
-Many people moved south to find service jobs
-1980s started the north south divide
-2014 to 2015 25.8 million moves between England and Wales mostly aged 20-22
-20th century suburbanisation happened and decentralisation where people lengthened their work journeys
Camden case study:
-More males due to international migration
-Population is 262,226
-Lower older population
-Higher working age
-More younger people
Northumberland case study:
-More females due to them living longer
-Population is 320,274
-High retirement age
-Longer life expectancy as there is less strain on health services
London case study:
-2012 to 2014 more people left London than migrated to it
-Many who left were over 30, white British, with children due to high housing costs, social tensions, education opportunities and the environmental quality
-International migrants who moved for job purposes are now moving elsewhere (e.g Leicester)
What are the post 1990 migration flows and the EU?
-People moved due to the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe
-EU membership allows free movement of people between member states (e.g A8)
-The government made it more difficult for migrants to enter after the 2008 recession
-Immigration became a major issue
What is post colonial migration?
-Post war rebuilt of the economy and war damage
-The small inflows of European migrants were insufficient and the commonwealth citizens were provided free access
-By 1970 there were 1.4 million non-white residents who originally settled in major cities but were poorly paid and found it hard to find affordable accommodation
-The UK became a multi race society and introduced the equality act in 2010
What is ethnic segregation?
The separation or isolation of a race, class or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary residence in a restricted area
What is an enclave?
Individual groups of migrants who have come to be the predominant population in particular places
What are external and internal factors causing segregation?
-External = host population is forcing the segregation
-Internal = it is the minority groups choice to segregate
What are the positive impacts of migration in Boston?
-Provides a much needed workforce
-Larger population keeps the services going
-Immigrants have opened shops and services for local people
-Brings social vitality to the area to avoid an ageing population
What are the negative impacts of migration in Boston?
-Pressures on some services e.g schools
-Increased competition for jobs
-Some do not speak english which hinders integration
-Some send money home rather than spending it in the local economy
What factors might lead ethnic groups choosing to live in a particular area?
-Social clustering makes them feel safe and secure
-Jobs
-Local services e.g worship places
-Family
-Transport links
-Housing prices
What is a Russian Oligarch?
A business magnate
Why do Russian Oligarchs choose to leave Russia?
-Russian banks are not trusted so the UK is a safe haven for their money
-Russian roubles value fell by 20% in 2015
-Crimea takeover and the military intervention in Ukraine
Why do Russian Oligarchs move to London?
-Important world city
-Private schools
-Only a 4 hour flight to Moscow
-Russian embassy building is there
-Expensive neighbourhoods to live in
How can you tell if an area is culturally diverse?
-The languages spoken
-Amount of ethnic communities in the area
-The cultural services available
-Ethnicity data from the recent census
Evidence Southall experiences high ethnic diversity:
-The Jamia Masjid islamic centre
-Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabah Sikh temple
-Many restaurants in ‘Banglatown’
-Notting Hill carnival since 1966
-Posters for Bollywood films
What is social exclusion?
When people or a whole community feel marginalised and blocked from the opportunities wider society enjoys
What is Luton like?
-Has one of the highest ethnic populations in the country (55%)
-One in 3 children live in poverty (27% compared to 20% nationally)
-Unemployment is high due to Vauxhall motor plant closing and the airport is one of the highest employer in the town
Regeneration of the docklands:
-Main focus was economic growth and re-imaging the area
-There was 21 km squared of property to regenerate
-Local councils had no say in the area
-The docks closed in 1981
-1981-83 caused a loss of 1200 jobs
-In 2015 hate crimes against muslims increased by 70%
-Population fell by 100000 between 1971-81
-Those living in council houses could buy new properties at a reduced price
