EQ3: Why are there demographic and cultural tensions in diverse places

Question 1

What are the pros of a flow line diagram?

Answer 1

-Shows inflows and outflows on one graph
-Visual
-Clearly shows patterns
-Shows origin and destination
-Shows volume of movement

Question 2

What are the cons of a flow line diagram?

Answer 2

-No specific figures
-No explanation on why they’re moving
-Unclear/confusing
-Prone to human error

Question 3

What is polarised prosperity?

Answer 3

People at the top prosper, people at the bottom suffer

Question 4

What is a zero sum phenomenon?

Answer 4

Migration gain can only occur if there is a loss of migrants in another area

Question 5

What is the timeline of UK movement?

Answer 5

-1930s had a severe economic depression which hit industrial northern areas hard causing lots of unemployment
-Many people moved south to find service jobs
-1980s started the north south divide
-2014 to 2015 25.8 million moves between England and Wales mostly aged 20-22
-20th century suburbanisation happened and decentralisation where people lengthened their work journeys

Question 6

Camden case study:

Answer 6

-More males due to international migration
-Population is 262,226
-Lower older population
-Higher working age
-More younger people

Question 7

Northumberland case study:

Answer 7

-More females due to them living longer
-Population is 320,274
-High retirement age
-Longer life expectancy as there is less strain on health services

Question 8

London case study:

Answer 8

-2012 to 2014 more people left London than migrated to it
-Many who left were over 30, white British, with children due to high housing costs, social tensions, education opportunities and the environmental quality
-International migrants who moved for job purposes are now moving elsewhere (e.g Leicester)

Question 9

What are the post 1990 migration flows and the EU?

Answer 9

-People moved due to the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe
-EU membership allows free movement of people between member states (e.g A8)
-The government made it more difficult for migrants to enter after the 2008 recession
-Immigration became a major issue

Question 10

What is post colonial migration?

Answer 10

-Post war rebuilt of the economy and war damage
-The small inflows of European migrants were insufficient and the commonwealth citizens were provided free access
-By 1970 there were 1.4 million non-white residents who originally settled in major cities but were poorly paid and found it hard to find affordable accommodation
-The UK became a multi race society and introduced the equality act in 2010

Question 11

What is ethnic segregation?

Answer 11

The separation or isolation of a race, class or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary residence in a restricted area

Question 12

What is an enclave?

Answer 12

Individual groups of migrants who have come to be the predominant population in particular places

Question 13

What are external and internal factors causing segregation?

Answer 13

-External = host population is forcing the segregation
-Internal = it is the minority groups choice to segregate

Question 14

What are the positive impacts of migration in Boston?

Answer 14

-Provides a much needed workforce
-Larger population keeps the services going
-Immigrants have opened shops and services for local people
-Brings social vitality to the area to avoid an ageing population

Question 15

What are the negative impacts of migration in Boston?

Answer 15

-Pressures on some services e.g schools
-Increased competition for jobs
-Some do not speak english which hinders integration
-Some send money home rather than spending it in the local economy

Question 16

What factors might lead ethnic groups choosing to live in a particular area?

Answer 16

-Social clustering makes them feel safe and secure
-Jobs
-Local services e.g worship places
-Family
-Transport links
-Housing prices

Question 17

What is a Russian Oligarch?

Answer 17

A business magnate

Question 18

Why do Russian Oligarchs choose to leave Russia?

Answer 18

-Russian banks are not trusted so the UK is a safe haven for their money
-Russian roubles value fell by 20% in 2015
-Crimea takeover and the military intervention in Ukraine

Question 19

Why do Russian Oligarchs move to London?

Answer 19

-Important world city
-Private schools
-Only a 4 hour flight to Moscow
-Russian embassy building is there
-Expensive neighbourhoods to live in

Question 20

How can you tell if an area is culturally diverse?

Answer 20

-The languages spoken
-Amount of ethnic communities in the area
-The cultural services available
-Ethnicity data from the recent census

Question 21

Evidence Southall experiences high ethnic diversity:

Answer 21

-The Jamia Masjid islamic centre
-Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabah Sikh temple
-Many restaurants in ‘Banglatown’
-Notting Hill carnival since 1966
-Posters for Bollywood films

Question 22

What is social exclusion?

Answer 22

When people or a whole community feel marginalised and blocked from the opportunities wider society enjoys

Question 23

What is Luton like?

Answer 23

-Has one of the highest ethnic populations in the country (55%)
-One in 3 children live in poverty (27% compared to 20% nationally)
-Unemployment is high due to Vauxhall motor plant closing and the airport is one of the highest employer in the town

Question 24

Regeneration of the docklands:

Answer 24

-Main focus was economic growth and re-imaging the area
-There was 21 km squared of property to regenerate
-Local councils had no say in the area
-The docks closed in 1981
-1981-83 caused a loss of 1200 jobs
-In 2015 hate crimes against muslims increased by 70%
-Population fell by 100000 between 1971-81
-Those living in council houses could buy new properties at a reduced price

Question 25

What are the positive impacts of the docklands regeneration?

Answer 25

-22,000 new homes created
-10,000 refurbished homes
-Several new shopping malls, a college and leisure centre
-Many jobs created, 2018 105,000 which is expected to double in the next 10 years
-Lots of investment e.g HSBC
-200,000 trees planted
-Reclaimed 750 hectares of derelict land

Question 26

Timeline of Pepys estate:

Answer 26

-1869 the most important dockyard in england closed
-Area was heavily bombed during ww2 (1939-45)
-1950s revival efforts were made, bulldozed slum housing, built a new estate of public housing
-First residents moved in 1966 it was called a super modern, self contained town
-1980s crime rates increased and people struggled living vertically
-1990s local authorities invested
-2000 Hyde Group regenerated 5 blocks of estate into new high quality homes but raised the rents of the affordable housing
-Argon Tower was sold to Berkely Homes for £11.5 m in 2002 which changed the area into luxury housing
-Became a yuppies paradise