EQ2 TNCs as players in technology

Question 1

What year did the WTO bring its agreement on trade related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS)?

Answer 1

1995

Question 2

What does TRIPS require all WTO members to do?

Answer 2

Protect and influence their intellectual property rights

This includes registering any new technology or process under patent law.

Question 3

What does a patent mean for others hoping to use the intellectual property?

Answer 3

They must pay a royalty.

Question 4

Who benefits from TRIPS and why?

Answer 4

Transnational Corporations (TNCs) because they spend money on research and innovation.

Question 5

What issue arises from patents developed by pharmaceutical companies?

Answer 5

Many medicines become unaffordable to poorer countries.

Question 6

What is an example of a disease whose treatment has been restricted by patent laws?

Answer 6

HIV

Question 7

Which area in the world is most affected by the HIV treatment restrictions due to patents?

Answer 7

Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 8

How do TNCs control genetically modified (GM) crops?

Answer 8

They use patent laws to ‘own’ every GM plant.

Question 9

Give an example of a TNC that controls GM crops.

Answer 9

Monsanto in the USA.

Question 10

What do some TNCs require farmers to do regarding chemicals and seeds?

Answer 10

Sign contracts to use only their chemicals or prevent them from saving seeds.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: A patent means anyone else hoping to use this must pay a _______.

Answer 11

royalty

Question 12

What is TRIPS?

Answer 12

Trade related aspects of intellectual property rights