epithelium (second part-glands and specializations) online module W2

Question 1

what allows epithelial cells to display polarity

Answer 1

basal lamina

Question 2

three broad classes of LATERAL cell junctions

Answer 2

tight
adhering
communicating

Question 3

tight junctions name

Answer 3

zonula occludens

Question 4

where are zonula occludens found

Answer 4

lateral surface, on most apical region

Question 5

two functions of zonula occludens

Answer 5

prevents substances moving between cells

keeps apical membrane proteins in apical region

Question 6

names for adhering junctions (2)

Answer 6

zonula adherens

belt desmosome

Question 7

where are zonula adherens usually located

Answer 7

directly beneath zonula occludens

Question 8

are zonula adherens leaky? or not?

Answer 8

yes they are leaky, allowing molecules to pass through

Question 9

zonula adherens are strong and prevent ….

Answer 9

the separationof cells

Question 10

zonula adherens have small…. ….. into which ….. anchor

Answer 10

adhesion plaques

actin

Question 11

what are zonula adheres made out of

Answer 11

transmembrane proteins

Question 12

another name for macula adherens

Answer 12

desmosomes

Question 13

where are desmosomes found

Answer 13

random places, they are spotted all over

Question 14

macula adherens have ……. …… anchoring into their plaques

Answer 14

intermediate fillaments

Question 15

greater friction = ……… desmosomes

eg (2)

Answer 15

more

eg skin and oral cavity

Question 16

where are hemidesmosomes found

Answer 16

basal region

Question 17

on the cell side of a hemidesmoome you will find: ………….that has ………….. anchoring into it

Answer 17

an electron dense plaque that has intermediate filaments anchoring into it

Question 18

hemidesmosomes have anchoring ……. that are sent into the ….. …… to strongly bind the cell to its …. …. scaffolding

Answer 18

fibrils
basal lamina
basal lamina

Question 19

what another name for communicating junctions

Answer 19

nexus junctions

Question 20

what is the role of communicating junctions

Answer 20

allows direct communication between cytoplasms of adjacent cells

Question 21

communicating junctions- small channels called …. allow the movement of …., ……, …… and ….. between cells

Answer 21

connexons

ions
water
nutrients
waste

Question 22

connexons are composed of …

Answer 22

proteins called connexins

Question 23

what determines the shape of epithelium

Answer 23

basement membrane

Question 24

microvilli have a core of… (1) that insertsinto an underlying ….. ……

Answer 24

actin

terminal web

Question 25

where is steriocilia found (1) broad | (2) eg

Answer 25

very specialised regions | eg ear and male reproductive tract

Question 26

stereocilia are basically very long ...

Answer 26

microvilli

Question 27

stereo cilia have a core of ...

Answer 27

actin

Question 28

cilia has a core of microtubules arranged in what way

Answer 28

9 peripheral pairs, one central pair (axenome) | microtubuleshave dynein attatched

Question 29

how are glands formed

Answer 29

all glands are down growths of epithelia

Question 30

exocrine gland- define

Answer 30

gland that is still connected to the epithelium from which it was derived--> forming a duct

Question 31

endocrine gland define

Answer 31

gland that has seperated from the epithelium from which it was derived

Question 32

where do endocrine glands release their secretions

Answer 32

into blood vessels of surrounding connective tissue

Question 33

where do exocrine glandsrelease their secretions

Answer 33

into the duct and onto epithelial surface

Question 34

what do endocrine glands release

Answer 34

hormones

Question 35

4 broad categories of classification for exocrine glands

Answer 35

mode of secretion composition of secretion morphology(structure) unicellular vs multicellular

Question 36

most endocrine cells are multicellular or unicellular

Answer 36

multicellular

Question 37

example of unicellular exocrine gland (1)

Answer 37

goblet cell

Question 38

where are goblet cells found (2)

Answer 38

respiratory and digestive systems

Question 39

what do goblet cells excrete

Answer 39

mucus

Question 40

what is the purpose of the mucus secreted by goblet cells

Answer 40

protects lining from enzymes, acids, and/or invading organisms

Question 41

classification of glands based on morphology - broad categories

Answer 41

number of ducts shape of secretory portion

Question 42

classification of glands- morphology- number of ducts 1 duct = >1 duct =

Answer 42

simple compound

Question 43

classification of glands upon morphology- shape of secretory portion (3) types

Answer 43

tubular acinar/alveolar tubuloacinar/tubuloalveolar

Question 44

what type of gland (based upon morphology) would you find in the colon

Answer 44

simple tubular

Question 45

what type of gland (based upon morphology) would you find in the stomach

Answer 45

simple branched tubular

Question 46

sweat glands are classified based on morphology as...

Answer 46

simple coiled tubular

Question 47

mammary glands are classified based on morphology as...

Answer 47

compound acinar

Question 48

salivary glands are classified based on morphology as ...

Answer 48

compound tubuloacinar

Question 49

sebascous glands are classified by morphology as

Answer 49

simple branche acinar

Question 50

brunner's glands o duodenum are classified upon morphology as

Answer 50

compound tubular

Question 51

3 modes of excretion

Answer 51

merocrine holocrine apocrine

Question 52

merocrine mode of secretion explain

Answer 52

- secretion via exocytosis | - no alteration or damage to cell

Question 53

merocrine gland examples (3)

Answer 53

sweat glands, salivary glands,pancreas

Question 54

holocrine mode of secretion explain

Answer 54

accumulation of secretory product within cell until it ruptures and dies

Question 55

appocrine mode of secretion explain

Answer 55

apical part of cell pinches off and this becomes the secretion

Question 56

appocrine glands examples (1)

Answer 56

mammary glands

Question 57

holocrine glands examples (1)

Answer 57

sebaceous gland

Question 58

classification of exocrine glands based upon composition of secretion, 3 types

Answer 58

serous secretion mucous secretion lipid-based secretion

Question 59

examples of glands that produce sebascous secretion(2)

Answer 59

partoid salivary glands, pancreas

Question 60

examples of glands that produce mucous secretion mucous secretion(2)

Answer 60

sublingual salivary gland | goblet cells

Question 61

examples of glands that produce lipid-based secretions

Answer 61

sebaceous gland, mammary gland

Question 62

what is the contents of the submadicular salivary gland

Answer 62

80% serous | 20%mucous

Question 63

what is the contents of the sublingual salivary gland

Answer 63

80% mucous | 20%serous

Question 64

example of mixe gland that produces both lipid and serous

Answer 64

mammary gland

Question 65

examples of organs that have a mix of exocrine and endocrine secretions

Answer 65

pancreas liver