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Histology > Epithelium and glands w/out images > Flashcards

Epithelium and glands w/out images Flashcards

exam 2

1
Q

epithelial cells form _______ with little extracellular space between cells

A

contiguous sheets

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2
Q

epithelial cells cover and line all

A

body surfaces and celomic body cavities

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3
Q

Epithelial cells adhere firmly to adjacent cells using cell adhesion molecules that form _________ to prevent the tearing of the epithelium

A

specialized cell-cell junction

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4
Q

endothelial cells adhere firmly to the underlying _______ using adhesion molecules

A

connective tissue

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5
Q

extracellular matrix

A

basement membrane

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6
Q

epithelia are _______; blood vessels that nourish the epithelium are located in the ______ connective tissue

A

epithelia are avascular; blood vessels that nourish the epithelium are located in the subjacent connective tissue

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7
Q

epithelium cells have ample

A

nerve endings

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8
Q

epithelium have a high capacity for renewal by _______ especially in epithelia that are subjected to wear and tear such as skin.

A

stem cells

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9
Q

epithelium cells are diverse, derived from (3) germ layers

A

(1) ectoderm
(2) mesoderm
(3) endoderm

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10
Q

epithelia have a free

A

apical surface

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11
Q

epithelial cells exhibit polarization, having _______ ______ with the apical surface being specialized with ________ while the basal surface is specialized for _______ and the lateral specialized for ________

A

epithelial cells exhibit polarization, having apical-basal polarity with the apical surface being specialized with cilia while the basal surface is specialized for adhesion and the lateral specialized for cell-cell junctions

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12
Q

epithelia are characterized by specific intermediate filaments _________

A

cytokeratins

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13
Q

Functions of epithelia depend on their

A

structures

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14
Q

epidermis of the skin provides mechanical protection, waterproofing and insulation

A

protection

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15
Q

many epithelial cells contain specialized surfaces such as cilia; in the trachea, cilia move mucus away from the lungs toward the oral cavity

A

surface transport

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16
Q

epithelial cells often have the ability to absorb molecules from their surroundings; epithelial linning of the small intestine

A

absorption

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17
Q

cells throughout the body are able to secrete products they synthesize for utilization nearby, such as the secretion of mucus by goblet cells throughout the intestinal tract

A

Secretion

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18
Q

certain epithelial cells are involved in _______, such as those lining the nasal cavity, which are responsible for olfaction

A

sensory reception

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19
Q

some epithelial cells take products from the apical surface and move them across their cytoplasm for transport across the basolateral surfaces

A

Trans-epithelial transport

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20
Q

one layer and is found in tissues that are not subjected to extensive wear and tear

A

simple

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21
Q

simple epithelium is specialized for

A

absorption and secretion

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22
Q

example of simple layer

A

endothelium of blood vessels, mesothelium of celomic cavities, alveoli in the lungs

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23
Q

consists of many layers that are subjected to wear and tear

A

stratified epithelium

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24
Q

examples of stratified epithelium

A

skin, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, and vagina

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25
Q

epithelium cells have (3) shapes

A

(1) squamous
(2) cuboidal
(3) columnar

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26
Q

which are wider than they are tall, thin, flat and scale-like

A

squamous

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27
Q

which are approx. equal in height and width, are more or less square-shaped in vertical section

A

cuboidal

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28
Q

taller than they are wide

A

columnar

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29
Q

specialized for filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and secretion

A

simple squamous epithelium

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30
Q

example of simple squamous epithelium

A

can be found in the heart and vessels including both blood and lymph vessels

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31
Q

if the simple squamous epithelium is found in blood vessels then it is

A

endothelium

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32
Q

if the simple squamous epithelium is found lining body cavities and covering mesentery

A

mesothelium

33
Q

layer of dead tissue

A

stratum corneum

34
Q

layers consists of squamous epithelial cells that have undergone apoptosis, leaving behind only a keratin-rich and filled dead cell layer; nuclei and other organelles are absent

A

stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium (SSKE)

35
Q

occurs in both thick and thin skin

36
Q

found in less wear-prone areas such as the oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal and vagina

37
Q

cells produce less keratin and apical squamous cells do not lose their nuclei

A

stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium

38
Q

single layer that are specialized for secretion and/or absorption

A

simple cuboidal

39
Q

where is simple cuboidal found?

A

kidney tubules, glandular ducts, ovaries, and the thyroid gland

40
Q

composed multiple layers of cuboidal cells

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

41
Q

Example of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

found in the ducts of different glands, such as sweat, mammary and salivary gland

42
Q

epithelium that may be specialized for secretion and/or absorption. these cells may be ciliated

A

simple columnar

43
Q

examples of simple columnar

A

absorptive cells of the small intestine

44
Q

composed of two or more layers of cells with columnar surface cells

A

stratified columnar epithelium

45
Q

where can the stratified columnar be found?

A

in the ocular conjunctiva of the eye, parts of the pharynx and anus, and the male urethra

46
Q

what do stratified columnar participate in?

A

secretion and protection

47
Q

consists of a layer of cells that all are in contact with a basement membrane; however, not all cells reach the luminal surface

A

pseudostratified epithelium

48
Q

pseudostratified epithelium specialized for protection and also have protected ____________________

A

basal (stem) cell niche

49
Q

organ that contains pseudostratified epithelium

50
Q

transitional epithelium also called

A

urothelium

51
Q

specialized for distension (stretching) and contraction to accommodate the changes in volume of urinary organs

A

transitional epithelium

52
Q

why are umbrella cells called like that?

A

because of their shape since their basal extensions penetrate between other cells

53
Q

single cells or group of cells, which are specialized for secretion

54
Q

glands secrete onto an organ/body surface via ducts

A

exocrine glands

55
Q

they secrete into the surrounding interstitium where the secretions can enter the blood and be delivered to other parts of the body

A

endocrine glands

56
Q

example of unicellular

A

goblet cells in intestinal or respiratory epithelium

57
Q

example of multicellular

A

majority of glands

58
Q

having ducts that do not branch

A

simple glands

59
Q

defined as having ducts that branch repeatedly to form a branched tree

A

compound gland

60
Q

form terminal tubular secretory pieces

A

tubular glands

61
Q

form terminal rounded, grape-shaped, secretory pieces

A

acinar glands

62
Q

produce watery, serum-like secretions that contain various proteins, including enzymes, enzyme precursors, and antimicrobials

A

serous glands

63
Q

produce viscous, sticky secretions that aid in lubrication and trapping pathogens

A

mucous glands

64
Q

three mode of secretions

A

(1) merocrine
(2) apocrine
(3) holocrine

65
Q

mode whereby cells secrete their products by exocytosis

66
Q

method by which goblet cells release mucous secretions

67
Q

involves the decapitation of the apical portion of the cell membrane; in this mode, a portion of the cytoplasm and cell membrane are also released with the secretory product

68
Q

mammary glans, lipid components of milk released by

A

apocrine secretion

69
Q

achieved by apoptosis of the secreting cell thus releasing the whole of the cell’s contents

70
Q

secretion that occurs in the sebaceous glands

A

holocrine secretion

71
Q

basal bodies

A

cilia and flagellum

72
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

all epithelia contain keratin intermediates

73
Q

occludins + claudins

A

zonula occludens

74
Q

e-cadherins

A

zonula adherins

75
Q

desmosomes

A

macula adherens

76
Q

connexins-tetraspans intercellular junction

A

gap junctions

77
Q

basal lamina contains what type of collagen?

A

type IV collagen

78
Q

anchoring fibrils contain what type of collagen?

A

collagen VII

79
Q

basket cells/pseudostratified

A

myoepithelial cells

Histology (15 decks)

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