Epithelium And CT

Question 1

Hematoxylin & Eosin

Answer 1

The most common histological stain

Stains nuclei blue, cytoplasm pink or red, collagen and muscle pink

Question 2

Where does epithelial tissue come from?

Answer 2

All 3 germ layers

Question 3

What is epithelial tissue

Answer 3

Closely adhering sheets of cells that are
   Avascular
   Uninucleate, polyhedral, polarized
   Separated with basement memb
   Can do turnover

Question 4

Components of the basement membrane

Answer 4

Collagen (type 4 or 7)
Proteoglycans
Laminin, enactin, fibronectin
Reticular fibers (CT)

Question 5

Where is epithelial tissue?

Answer 5

Covers body surfaces
Lines intestinal cavities
In various organs or glands
Liens ducts

Question 6

What does epithelial tissue do?

Answer 6

Acts as a BARRIER

Protects, absorbs, secrets, transports, contracts, filters, sensory - past cfs

Question 7

Squamous

Answer 7

Thin, flat cell shape

Question 8

Cuboidal

Answer 8

Rounded cube like cell shape

Question 9

Columnar

Answer 9

Tall cell shape

Question 10

Transitional

Answer 10

A mix of cell shapes with umbrella cells at the top

In urinary system to expand and recoil

Question 11

3 layer types

Answer 11

Simple, stratified, pseudostratified

Question 12

Simple squamous

Answer 12

Central body cavities, lining of heart and blood vessels, portions of kidney tubercles, inner lining cornea, exchange surfaces of lungs

Reduce friction, controls vessel permeability, absorbs and secretes

Question 13

Simple cuboidal

Answer 13

Glands, ducts, portions of kidney tubercles, thyroid gland

Little protection, secrete and absorb

Question 14

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 14

Lining of stomach, intestine, gall bladder, uterine tubes, collecting ducts of kidneys

Protect, secrete, absorb

Question 15

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Answer 15

Lining of nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, portions of male reproductive tract

Protect secretion, move mucus with cilia

Question 16

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 16

Surface of skin, lining of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, and vagina

Produces physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack

Question 17

Luminal surface modifications

Answer 17

Microvilli, stereocilia, cilia

Question 18

Microvilli

Answer 18

Finger like projections of cytoplasm
Found on the brush border
Enhances absorption

Question 19

Stereocilia

Answer 19

Longer microvilli

In epididymis, vas deferens, sensory epithelium of the ear

Question 20

Cilia

Answer 20

Elongated, motile extension
Moves fluid and particles
Dynein and atpase activity

Question 21

What do cells need for protein secretion?

Answer 21

Well developed rough ER

Very polar

Question 22

What do cells need for mucin production?

Answer 22

Well developed ER and Golgi

Large, clear, apical vessicles

Question 23

Mucin

Answer 23

Proteoglycan, about 85% carb
Hydrophilic
Becomes mucus when fully hydrated

Question 24

What do cells need for lipid secretion?

Answer 24

Well developed smooth ER

Free lipid in vacuoles

Question 25

Merocrine glands

Answer 25

Deliver product by vesicles | Exit by exocytosis

Question 26

Holocrine glands

Answer 26

Product is accumulated and released under apoptosis

Question 27

Apocrine glands

Answer 27

Product is released with small portion of cytoplasm in envelope of plasma membrane

Question 28

Type of secretory products

Answer 28

Mucus - viscous, slimy, glycosylated secretions | Serous - watery, poorly or no glycosylated secretions

Question 29

Classification of multicellular glands

Answer 29

Based on branching (compound) or non branching (simple), shape of secretory portion (tubular or acinar), complexity (coiled or branched)

Question 30

Major structural constituent of the body

Answer 30

Connective tissue

Question 31

Intercellular elements and few cells

Answer 31

Connective tissue

Question 32

What does connective tissue consist of?

Answer 32

Support cells that produce an abundant extracellular matrix consisting of connective tissue fibers, ground substance, extracellular fluid

Question 33

Collagen fibers

Answer 33

Flexible with high tensile strength made of tropocollagen (triple helix) with a repeating motif

Question 34

Type one collagen

Answer 34

Supporting tissue providing mechanical support and tensile strength

Question 35

Type two collagen

Answer 35

Found in hyaline cartilage

Question 36

Type III collagen

Answer 36

Reticulin and branched network

Question 37

Type four collagen

Answer 37

Contributes to mesh of basement membrane

Question 38

Type seven collagen

Answer 38

Anchoring fibrils the link to the basement membrane

Question 39

Reticulin

Answer 39

Type 3 collagen | Narrow, not bundled, mesh like pattern

Question 40

Elastic fibers

Answer 40

Composed of elastic core and fibrillin microfibrils Thinner than collagen Can be branched Produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

Question 41

Ground substance

Answer 41

Viscous, slippery | Diffuses nutrients and wastes, lubricant, barrier

Question 42

Proteoglycans

Answer 42

Protein core | Covalently bound glycosaminoglycans

Question 43

Connective tissue proper

Answer 43

Loose and dense

Question 44

Loose CT

Answer 44

Collagen, elastic, watery mix | Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, fat cells

Question 45

Dense CT

Answer 45

Few cells, abundant fibers | Resistance and protection

Question 46

Adipose tissue

Answer 46

Specialized CT | Cushions, insulates, stores energy, water, and hormones

Question 47

White adipose tissue

Answer 47

Spherical/polyhedral | Very vascular

Question 48

Brown adipose tissue

Answer 48

Numerous blood vessels and mitochondria, polygonal, smaller

Question 49

Two types of sectioning

Answer 49

Longitudinal and transverse