Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DMD 5243 > Blood Pathology Pt 1: Anemia and Leukemia > Flashcards

Blood Pathology Pt 1: Anemia and Leukemia Flashcards

1
Q

2 major parts of a complete blood count

A

mcv - mean corpuscular volume

mchc - mean corpuscular Hb concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“-cytic”

A

refers to cell size (mcv)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

“-chromic”

A

refers to cell color/amount of Hb (mchc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anisocytosis

A

size variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

poikilocytosis

A

shape variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

anemia

A

reduction below normal in Hb or rbc number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

causes of anemia

A

blood loss
excessive rbc destruction
insufficient rbc production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

signs of destruction in hemolytic anemia

A

increased bilirubin, increased LDH, reduced haptoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

signs of production in hemolytic anemia

A

increased reticulocytes, nucleated red cells in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

glucuronyl transferase

A

makes unconjugated bilirubin+albumin soluble by adding a sugar
is then excreted to the small intestine then feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

urobilinogen

A

made in the gut from bilirubin
can be excreted in feces or reabsorbed in blood
liver can metabolize it into bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

causes of jaundice

A

excess bilirubin production

decreased bilirubin excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

t/f. bilirubin is toxic to brain cells

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

treatment of jaundice

A

treat cause, blood transfusion, sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

extrahepatic obstructive jaundice

A

light/clay colored feces, dark urine

obstruction of bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

intrahepatic obstructive jaundice

A

normal/light colored feces, light urine

damaged hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

dark feces and urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

A

extracorpuscular hemolytic anemia
shistocytes (rbc fragment)
causes - artificial heart valve, malignancy, obstetric complications, sepsis, trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

extracorpuscular hemolytic anemia
warm (igG, spleen, spheocytes)
cold (igM complement, intravascular hemolysis, agglutination)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sickle cell anemia

A 
intracorpuscular hemolytic anemia
sickles clog vessels and are fragile
aa substitution in beta chain
african ethnicity
infarcted spleen with HbS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

thalassemia

A 
intracorpuscular hemolytic anemia
increased rbc synthesis
alpha chain (SE asian)
beta chain (mediterranean)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hereditary spheocytosis

A

intracorpuscular hemolytic anemia
SPHEROCYTES
treatment - spenectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

howell-jolly bodies

A

evidence of markedly decreased splenic function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

g6pdh deficiency

A

intracorpuscular hemolytic anemia
ros exposure will kill rbcs
removal of heinz bodies (bite cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
heinz bodies
globin denatures, sticks to rbc membrane
26
iron deficiency
``` microcytic, hypochromic anemia atrophic glossitis/koilonychia causes: decreased iron intake increased iron loss increased iron requirement ```
27
anemia of chronic disease
normochromic, normocytic anemia causes: disrupted iron metabolism
28
megaloblastic anemia
normochromic, macrocytic anemia causes: reduced b12/folate in the body (insufficient intrinsic factor) PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
29
what do blood contents look like in megaloblastic anemia?
large, oval shaped rbcs | hypersegmented neutrophils
30
schilling test
tests b12 absorption for pernicious anemia stage 1 - feed labeled b12, inject b12 if abnormal (less than 10% in urine proceed to stage 2) stage 2 - feed labled b12+IF if b12 normal, patient has PA if b12 reduced, patient has gi pathology
31
aplastic anemia
normochromic, normocytic anemia hypoplatic (empty) bone marrow pncytopenia - compromised immune function causes: idiopathic, drugs, viruses, pregnancy, fanconi anemia
32
myelophthisic anemia
normochromic, normocytic anemia causes: infiltration of bone marrow by tumors or fibrosis tear drop shaped rbcs
33
leukocytosis
wbc count above normal range
34
neutrophilia
benign leukocytosis | mature and immature
35
mature neutrophilia
highly segmented causes: bacterial infection, inflammation, stress toxic changes: granulation, dohle bodies, vacuolization
36
immature neutrophilia
not segmented causes: infection, inflammation, severe anemia, marrow displacement 3 forms
37
3 forms of immature neutrophilia
left shift (more immature than mature wbcs) leukemoid reaction - elevation in leukocytes in response to stress or infection leukoerythroblastic reaction - same as leukemoid but with nucleated rbc
38
lymphocytosis
benign leukocytosis | mature and reactive
39
mature lymphocytosis
lots of normal cells | causes: infectious lymphocytosis, bordatella pertussis, transient stress
40
reactive lymphocytosis
lots of abnormal cells | causes: mono, pediatric viral infections, viral hepatitis, immune disorders (downey cells)
41
basophilia
benign leukocytosis uncommon component of chronic myelogenous leukemia
42
monocytosis
benign leukocytosis | causes: infection, autoimmune disease, malignancy
43
eosinophilia
benign leukocytosis | causes: drugs, asthma, skin diseases, parasites
44
differences between leukemia and lymphoma
leukemia - starts in bone marrow, can spread to blood nodes, myeloid or lymphoid, acute or chronic lymphoma - starts in lymph nodes, can spead to blood, marrow, lymphoid only, hodgkin or non hodgkin
45
acute
sudden onset occurs in children and adults over 60 rapidly fatal w/o treatment immature cells (blasts)
46
chronic
slow onset only in adults longer course mature cells
47
acute leukemia
malignant proliferation of immature myeloid or lymphoid cells in bone marrow
48
acute leukemia causes
clonal expansion | maturation failure
49
acute leukemia symptoms
``` fatigue infections bleeding bone pain lymphadenopathy ```
50
lethality of acute leukemia
inhibition of normal cell function | infiltration of organs
51
acute myeloid leukemia
malignant proliferation of myeloid blasts in blood and bone marrow many subtypes bad prognosis in adults
52
auer rods
AML-M3 | clumps of granular material that form elongated needles in the cyto of the leukemic blasts
53
which subtype of acute myeloid leukemia results in a shortage of blood platelets?
aml-m5
54
which subtype of acute myeloid leukemia results in multinucleated erythroblasts?
aml-m6
55
treatment of aml
chemotherapy | bone marrow transplant
56
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
malignant proliferation of lymphoid blasts in blood and bone marrow common in children good prognosis classified by B vs T
57
t lineage all
bad prognosis
58
b lineage all
b cell precursor all = better prognosis | b cell all = bad prognosis
59
treatment of all
chemotherapy | bone marrow transplant
60
chronic leukemia
malignant proliferation of mature myeloid or lymphoid cells in the bone marrow
61
causes of chronic leukmia
clonal expansion | functional failure
62
symptoms of chronic leukemia
``` weight loss fatigue infections bone pain similar to acute but MORE GRADUAL ```
63
lethality of chronic leukemia
inhibition of normal cell funtion | infiltration of organs
64
chronic myeloid leukemia
neutrohpilic leukocytes basophilia PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME three phases (chronic, accelerated, blast)
65
treatment of cml
imatinib, used to be bone marrow transplant
66
prognosis of cml
can be longer than 5 years
67
chronic myelofibrosis
panmyelosis (form of myeloid metaplasia advancing to marrow fibrosis extramedullary hematopoiesis teardrop rbcs
68
polycythemia vera
high hemocrit | can cause hypertension
69
essential thrombocythemia
high platelet count
70
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
``` malignant proliferation of lymphocytes in the blood and bone marrow MOST COMMON LEUKEMIA only in adults long course little/no pain mostly incurable cd5+ b cells (cannot produce antibodies) ```
71
treatment of cll
treat infections
72
prognosis of cll
monitor wbc counts | 9 years

DMD 5243 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions