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DMD 5243 > Blood Pathology Pt 2: Lymphoma, Myeloma, Hemostasis, Bleeding and Thrombotic Disorders > Flashcards

Blood Pathology Pt 2: Lymphoma, Myeloma, Hemostasis, Bleeding and Thrombotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

non hodgkin lymphoma

A 
malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells in peripheral lymph nodes
skips around
extranodal involvement is common
many subtypes
most are b cell
over 40 yo
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2
Q

hodgkin lymphoma

A 
younger patients
good prognosis
contiguous spread
good prognosis
consequence of EBV
5 subtypes
reed-sternberg cells
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3
Q

symptoms of no hodgkin

A

painless, extranodal manifestations, b symptoms (weight loss, night sweats, fever)

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4
Q

low grade non hodgkin

A

older patients, incurable, small mature cells, non destructive

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5
Q

high grade non hodgkin

A

younger patients
aggressive
large distinct cells
destruct

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6
Q

small lymphocytic lymphoma

A

low grade nh
same thing as cll
cd5+
long course, lethal infections

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7
Q

malt lymphoma

A

low grade nh
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue
H. pylori
can be cured early with antibiotics

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8
Q

follicular lymphoma

A

low grade nh
small cleaved centroblast
grades 1-3
bcl2

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9
Q

4 stages of follicular lymphoma

A

single node
2+ nodes on same side of diaphragm
lymph nodes on both sides of diaphragm
diffuse extranodal involvement

can have a or b subset in each (no additional symptoms, or weight loss, night sweats, fever)

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10
Q

mycosis fungoides

A

low grade nh

skin lesions, blood involvement, cerebriform lymphocytes, t cell immunophenotype

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11
Q

large cell lymphoma

A 
high grade nh
large b cells
grows fast
extranodal involvement
bad prognosis
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12
Q

lymphoblastic lymphoma

A

high grade nh
typical patient: teenage boy with mediastinal mass
same as all

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13
Q

burkitt lymphoma

A 
high grade nh
children/young adults
african preference
fast growing
starry sky pattern
genetic
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14
Q

nodular sclerosis

A

hodgkin
tumor splits into 2 nodes
LACUNAR cells
common

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15
Q

mixed cellularity

A

hodgkin
rs cells surrounded by eosinophils, lymphocytes and histiocytes
common

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16
Q

lymphocyte predominance

A

hodgkin

nodules contain small lymphocytes with histiocytes and rs cells

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17
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant proliferation of plasma cells
monoclongal gammopathy
decreased immunoglobulins
ostolytic lesions

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18
Q

manifestations of multiple myeloma

A

weakness, infections, renal failure, bone pain, hyperglycemia, bence jones proteins in urine

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19
Q

CRAB

A 
multiple myeloma
calcium elevated
renal failure
anemia
bone lytic lesions
20
Q

treatment of multiple myeloma

A

chemo and radiation

bone marrow transplant

21
Q

hemostasis

A

formation annd removal of a blood clot

22
Q

clotting formation

A 
bm exposed with injury
platelet adheres wi vWF
platelet releases granules (ca2+ activates clotting, ADP activates other platelets, thromboxane increases stickiness)
platelets express fibrin receptors
fibrin and platelets form plug
23
Q

clot cascade inhibition

A

tfp1 - factor 7
atiii - factors 7, 9, 11, 10, thrombin
protein c - factors 8 and 5

24
Q

clot lysis

A

t-pa - converts plasminogen to plasmin

PLASMIN - bomb that blows up clot

25
Q

fdp

A

fibrin degradation product

measured from blood as an indicator of clot status

26
Q

warfarin

A

vit k dependent factor
inhibits use of vitamin k
NO CLOTTING = bleed to death (rat poison)

27
Q

lab tests for clotting

A

platelet lab test - particle counter
bleeding time - make incision and see how long it takes to stop bleeding
coagulation test - draw blood, watch for thrombin formation

28
Q

platelet bleeding

A

superficial, petechia, spontaneous

29
Q

factor bleeding

A

deep, big bleeds, trauma

30
Q

partial thromboplastin time

A

measures platelets in plasma from intrinsic pathway

with phospholipid and calcium

31
Q

prothrombin time

A

measures platelets in plasma from extrinsic pathway

uses a prothrombin ratio

32
Q

von willebrand disease

A 
loss of factor 8
most common bleeding disorder
autosomal dom
vWF decreased
symptoms - mucosal bleeding, deep joint bleeding
33
Q

hemophilia a

A

most common factor deficiency
x-linked recessive
reduced factor 8

34
Q

hemophilia b

A

reduced factor 9
less common
x linked recessive

35
Q

disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

widespread activation of coagulation
decreased clotting factors and platelets
increased fdps

36
Q

causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation

A 
MOST
malignancy
obstetric complications
spesis
trauma
37
Q

thrombic microangiopathies

A

thrombosis in capillaries and arterioles due to an endothelial injury

38
Q

thrombic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

A

deficiency of adamst13

big vWF multimers trap platelets

39
Q

hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

A

related to e. coli infecton

toxin damages endothemium

40
Q

idiopathic thrombocytopenic pupura

A

antiplatelet antibodies coat platelets
splenic macrophages consume platelets
(bruising after minor trauma)

41
Q

thrombic disorders

A

hemostasis involving the formation of an intravascular clot or thrombus
risk factors: smoking, increased stasis, hypercoagulability

42
Q

fates of thrombi in venous thrombosis

A

propagation - accumulate additional platelets and fibrin
embolization - dislodge and travel to other sites in vessel
dissolution - shrinkage/disappearance of recent thrombi
organization and recanalization - older thrombi re-used, capillaries reform

43
Q

mural venous thrombosis

A

thrombi that adhere to vessel wall, partially restricting flow

44
Q

occlusive venous thrombosis

A

thrombi that cut off blood flow

45
Q

embolus venous thrombosis

A

detatched intravascular solid, liquid, or gas mass carried in blood
can lodge in vessel and completely block blood flow

46
Q

what can high estrogen cause in regard to thrombic disorders?

A

increased plasma fibrinogen
increased factors 7 and 10
reduced antithrombin3

DMD 5243 (11 decks)

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