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MicroAnatomy U5 > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

Four types of tissue

A

Nervous
Epithelial
Muscle
Connective

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2
Q

Steps for preparing tissue for light microscopy

A

1-Fixation- preserve tissue
2-Dehydration in graded concentrated ethyl alcohol- replace tissue water
3-Clearing in benzene, xylene or toluene- impregnate tissues with solvent
4-Embedding- paraffin @ 60c or plastic resin @ RT
-tissue more resistant to sectioning

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3
Q

3 basic steps for prep

A

Fixation
Sectioning
Staining

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4
Q

Stains

A

Eosin- stains +

Hematoxylin- stains -

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5
Q

Eosin

A

Stains cytoplasm, cytoplasmic filaments, collagen fibers, and basement membrane

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6
Q

Hematoxylin

A

Stains heterochromatin, nucleolus, the Rough ER, sulfated GAGs

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7
Q

H&E

A

used to distinguish nucleus from cytoplasm

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8
Q

Simple squamous distribution

A
  • Lining of vessels
  • Serous lining of cavities
  • Pericardium
  • Pleura
  • Peritoneum
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9
Q

Simple squamous function

A

Facilitates movement
secretion
active transport- pinocytosis

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10
Q

Simple cuboidal distribution

A

Covering the ovary and thyroid

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11
Q

Simple cuboidal function

A

Covering and secretion

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12
Q

Simple columnar distribution

A

Lining of intestine and gallbladder

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13
Q

Simple columnar function

A

Protection, lubrication, absorption, secretion

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14
Q

Pseudostratified distribution

A

Lining of trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity

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15
Q

Pseudostratified function

A

Protection, secretion, cilia-mediated transport of particles trapped in mucus

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16
Q

Stratified squamous keratinized distribution

A

Epidermis

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17
Q

Stratified squamous keratinized function

A

Protection and prevent water loss

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18
Q

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized distribution

A

Mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal

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19
Q

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized function

A

Protection, secretion, prevent water loss

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20
Q

Stratified cuboidal distribution

A

Sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles

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21
Q

Stratified cuboidal function

A

Protection, secretion

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22
Q

Pseudostratified Transitional distribution

A

Bladder, ureters, renal calyces

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23
Q

Pseudostratified transitional function

A

Protection, distensibility

24
Q

Stratified Columnar distribution

A

Conjunctiva

25
Q

Stratified Columnar function

A

Protection

26
Q

Epithelial cells in the digestive/respiratory/urinary system rest on

A

layer of connective tissue calls lamina propria

27
Q

Basal lamina and basement membrane

A

Separation of epithelium from connective tissue

28
Q

Basal lamina made up of

A

Type IV collagen
Laminin
Entactin
Proteoglycans

Can only be seen under EM

29
Q

Basement membrane

A

Reticular fibers- type III collagen

Can be seen under light microscope

30
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Help bind epithelial cells to the basal lamina

31
Q

Striated border

A

Microvilli and glycocalyx found in small intestine

32
Q

Brush border

A

Longer complex of microvilli found on proximal renal tubule

33
Q

Sterocilia

A

Long

Nonmotile extensions of the apical suface

34
Q

Cilia

A

Found on the apical surface of respiratory system

9+2 arrangement of microtubules

35
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A

Found in secretory units of

  • mammary
  • sweat
  • salivary glands
36
Q

Endothelium

A

Simple squamous epithelium

-ling blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

37
Q

Mesothelium

A

Simple squamous epithelium lining body cavities

-peritoneum

38
Q

Epitheioid

A

Tissues that contain cells that are closely associated

-resembling an epithelium

39
Q

Stem cells of the skin

A

Basal layer of the epidermis

40
Q

Atrophy

A

death

41
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in size

42
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in number

43
Q

Dysplasia

A

change in orginization

44
Q

metaplasia

A

transformation into another cell type

-respiratory cells can be transformed into stratified squamous epithelium

45
Q

Thin and thick skin are distinguished by

A

the thickness of the epidermal layer

46
Q

Thick skin

A

Found on the palms and soles

-lacks epidermal appendages– such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands

47
Q

Stratum basale

A

Single layer of stem cells

-closest layer to connective tissue

48
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Mitotically active prickle cell layer

49
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Non-proliferating cells with stained granules

50
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

clear layer seen only in thick skin!!

51
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Keratinized cell ghosts

-top layer

52
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Contain a lipid mix that is discharged to form the epidermal water layer

53
Q

Melanocytes

A

Derived from neural crest cells
in stratum basale
# is the same in all races- skin color due to # and distribution of melanin granules in keratinocytes

54
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Antigen-presenting cells
-derived from bone marrow
Component of SALT- skin associated lymphoid tissue

55
Q

Merkel cells

A

epithelial tactile cells

  • Mainly found in stratum basal
  • More numerous in thick skin
  • sensitive mechanoreceptor in areas such as fingertips

MicroAnatomy U5 (12 decks)

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