Blood vessel questions Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the difference btwn the epicardium and the endocardium

A

Epi- surface of heart– mesothelium and subepicardial layer of loose connective tissue

Endo- lines atria and ventricles— endothelium and sub endothelial layer of CT

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2
Q

What is the physiological significance of the number of elastic lamina in the aorta?

A

40-70 layers of fenestrated elastic lamellae

-withstand the constant pressure

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3
Q

How can you distinguish an elastic artery from a mixed artery?

A

Elastic media– thick in elastic

Tunica media and adventitia approx. the same thickness in mixed

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4
Q

What is the function of the fenestrae in the elastic lamina of the aorta?

A

allow the aorta to be more flexible

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5
Q

Describe what happens to the external elastic lamina as arterial vessels become smaller along the vascular tree

A

Gets smaller & smaller until it is no longer present in small vessels- arterioles

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6
Q

What is the medical importance of foam cells?

A

fat-laden macrophages seen in atherosclorosis

-indication of plaque buildup

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7
Q

Tunica intima

A

Internal elastic lamina

forms permeable/semipermeable barrier

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8
Q

Tunica media

A

smooth muscle
Variable amounts of elastic fibers and lamellae/reticular fibers/proteoglycans

Larger vessels have

  • EEL
  • Pericytes

controls diameter and blood pressure and movement

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9
Q

Tunica adventitia

A

outermost layer
fibroblasts and longitudinally oriented type I collagen and elastic fibers

Larger blood vessels- vasa vasorum

Provides support
attaches vessels to tissue
carries vessels and nerves

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10
Q

Internal elastic lamina

A

Borders the media

fenestrated layer of elastin

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11
Q

External elastic lamina

A

borders media of larger vessels on superficial portion

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12
Q

Vasa vasorum

A

provides nutrients to the vessel

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13
Q

Elastic artery

A

Aorta and main branches

intima- endothelial cells contain Weibel-Palade bodies
—store and release substances important for homeostasis and inflammation

Media- 40-70 layers fo fenestrated elastic lamellae

Adventitia- thin

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14
Q

Mixed, músculo-elastic arteries

A

Part of terminal abdominal aorta/ iliac arteries/ external carotids/axillary arteries

Has more internal elastic membrane
Transitional segment btwn large and medium arteries

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15
Q

Medium, muscular, distributing arteries

A

Most arteries are this type
innervated by ANS– regulates blood flow

Intima- thin– prominent IEL

Media- thick– EEL

Adventitia- may be as thick as media
–vasa vasorum and lymphatics are poorly developed

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16
Q

Arterioles

A

Maintain normal BP in arterial system
reduce BP entering capillaries

Intima- thin IEL is absent in small ones

Media- 1-5 layers

Adventitia- moderate to scant

17
Q

Metarteriole/precapillary sphincter

A

Regulates blood flow into capillaries

18
Q

List the three main types of capillaries. Give an example of an organ in which each type is found

A

Continuous- muscle/nervous tissue

fenestrated- Pancreas/intestines

Sinusoids- endocrine glands/liver/spleen

19
Q

What morphological features allow you to distinguish an artery from a vein?

A
More variation in size and structure
larger caliber, more numerous
More vasa vasorum
More collagen and less elastic and smooth muscle
Thick adventitia
Valves
20
Q

What is the difference btwn a portal system and an arteriovenous anastomosis?

A

Portal- one cap-another

arteriovenous- arterioles- venules bypass cap

21
Q

What features of lymphatic capillary structure are important for their physiological function?

A

Large lumen/thin walls/discontinuous or absent basal lamina

22
Q

Weibel-Palade body

A

Membrane-bound inclusion

store and releases substances that help homeostasis and inflammation

23
Q

Large vein

A

SM in long. bundles

Intima- continuous endothelium and basal lamina
-no IEL

Media- incomplete/absent

Adventitia- large
-well developed vasa vasorum and lymphatics

SVC/IVC
portal vein

24
Q

Venule

A

Two classes

  • Pericytic- post capillary venules
  • Muscular- receive blood from the pericytic venues and accompany arterioles

Thick adventitia

Exchange of material that was started in capillary

Become leaky in response to histamine and serotonin

25
Q

Pericytes

A

Satellite cells

  • surround capillaries and some post-capillary venues
  • some capable of contraction- regulate blood flow

Can serve as- stem cells for endothelial and smooth muscle cells after injury

26
Q

the structure with the most distinctive internal elastic lamina is the

A

muscular artery

27
Q

The structure likely to contain the greatest density of vasa vasorum in its tunica adventitia is the

A

Vein

28
Q

The structure with the most elastin in its tunica media is the

A

Aorta

29
Q

The structure allowing the most exchange of nutrients with the surrounding tissues is the

A

blood capillary

30
Q

the structure most likely to contain longitudinal smooth muscle in its tunica adventitia is the

A

large vein