Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomical Sciences Exam 1 > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

All the organs of your body are composed of 4 tissues…..which are?

A

epithelium, muscle, nerve and connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

epithelia are sheets of cells that ____ or _____ internal and external body surfaces

A

line, cover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the functions of the epithelium include ________, ________ and _______

A

protection, absorption, secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The epithelia is attached to underlying ____________ by an acellular basement membrane where the basement membrane is a meshwork of _____ and ______

A

connective tissue, carbohydrates, proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the connective tissue underneath the epithelium is called the

A

lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

epithelial cells lack _______, they derive nutrients and oxygen from vessels in the _______

A

blood vessels, lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

epithelia are classified into 3 shapes that include

A

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

epithelial cells can be arranged into either a ______, _________, or ________ layer

A

simple, stratified, specialized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of flattened cells specialized for _______ across their cytoplasm

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

simple squamous are mainly found in _________, lining of ________, and structures in the _______

A

air sacs of the lungs, blood vessels, kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

simple cuboidal appear in a single layer of square like shapes and function in ________, _________, ________ and _______

A

protection, secretion, absorption, synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

simple cuboidal cells are mainly found in the lining of the ________, where they help in the __________

A

collecting tubules of the kidney, reabsorption of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

simple columnar appear taller than they are wide and function in _______, _________, ________ and _________

A

protection, absorption, transport of materials, secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

columnar cells lining the stomach secrete ________ that serves as a ________ for near by cells

A

mucus, protective barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

simple columnar are found in the _____ tubes of the _____, ________ tubes, and the lining of the ______ and _______

A

bronchial, lungs, uterine, stomach and intestinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stratified epithelium is composed of ______

A

more than one layer of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

in stratified epithelium, only the ______ touches the basement membrane and the nuclei are ______

A

bottom layer, basically aligned with eachother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

stratified cuboidal and columnar epithelium is a rarer type of stratified epithelium usually found in ________ and the ________

A

larger glands, male urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelia line the __________ that recycle sodium and chloride ions

A

ducts of sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

stratified columnar epithelia in the ________ protect tissue from ______ by secreting mucus

A

male urethra, urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

stratified squamous are found in the ________, _______, ______, and _______

A

vocal folds, esophagus, vagina, epidermis of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

stratified squamous is adapted for _______, and are usually found in areas that undergo _________

A

toughness, friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

stratified squamous synthesize ______ to enhance cell toughness

A

keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the stratified squamous in the upper layers may ________ cellular organelles including the _______, this is usually found in the cells closest to the _______

A

eject, nuclei, lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

pseudo-stratified epithelium has cells of different ______ and ______ and may appear the cells are in layers; however all cells _____ the basement membrane

A

shapes, sizes, touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the respiratory pseudo-stratified epithelium contains ________, ________ and _______

A

columnar cells, basal cells, goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

transitional epithelium (urothelium) is another form of __________, found in the _______ and _____

A

pseudo-stratified epithelium, bladder, ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

urothelium functions to maintain a _______ barrier to keep ______ stored, even when the organ is distended

A

urinary, urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

urothelium has two distinct appearances, a _______ version and a ______ version

A

condensed, tall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

urothelium has unique rounded cells called ________ whose dense _______ help maintain barrier function

A

umbrella cells, plaques

31
Q

dome shaped umbrella cells can have _______

A

multiple nuclei

32
Q

epithelial cells are ____ which means they have asymmetric distribution of proteins and organelles within their _________

A

polar, cytoplasm

33
Q

polarity of a cell is defined by the three domains called the ______, ______, and _______

A

apical, basal, lateral

34
Q

the apical domain faces the ________, and contains proteins that serve as ______, ________, and _______ that allow interactions with the ________

A

lumen, transporters, receptors, channels, lumen

35
Q

The three important apical specializations include _______, _______, and ______ which help to increase ________ or help _______ substances along the epithelium surface

A

cilia, microvilli, stereocilia, surface area, move

36
Q

microvilli are short finger like projections of ________ length along the apical surface that are enclosed by a _________

A

uniform, plasma membrane

37
Q

microvilli are present in cells specialized for _______

A

absorption

38
Q

microvilli are supported by __________ which insert into a network of cytoskeletal proteins referred to as the _______, a fuzzy border can be seen which is actually _______

A

actin filaments, terminal web, glycocalyx

39
Q

cilia are longer hair like apical specializations that are _______ as uniform in length

A

NOT

40
Q

Cilia have an internal array of ________ arranged in a _______ pattern

A

microtubules, 9+2

41
Q

cilia are specialized for _______, where attached to their outer microtubule pairs are _______ proteins which allow cilia to move

A

motility, dynein moter

42
Q

primary ciliary dyskinesia is a recessive genetic disorder where ciliary microtubules lack ______ and are therefor not motile (all cilia in the body are effected) this then causes cilia in the respiratory system to have problems _______ which leads to chronic ________ and ________

A

dynein arms, clearing mucus, sinusitis, bronchitis

43
Q

stereocilia are non-motile, longer, have a ___________ structure and have a core of _________ that attach to a terminal web

A

branch like, actin filaments

44
Q

stereocilia is rarer and found in the ________ and ________

A

epididymis , inner ear

45
Q

the basal domain conatins the ________, _________ and _______

A

basement membrane, hemidesmosomes, basal infolding (striations)

46
Q

the basement membrane functions as ________ support for the epithelium and ________ site for the lamina propria

A

structural, attachment

47
Q

the basement membrane is a _________ filter where mutations cause _______ disease due to filtration compromise

A

semipermeable, kidney

48
Q

the important macromolecules of the basement membrane include ________ fibers, ______ and _______ proteins

A

collagen, laminins, integrin

49
Q

In electron microscopy, the basement membrane appears in two layers called the ______ lamina and the ______ lamina

A

reticular, basal

50
Q

the basal lamina is where the base of the __________ cell is attached, and contains molecules that act as a ________ barrier

A

epithelial, permeable

51
Q

the reticular lamina is a fibrous mesh that provides structure and attached the ________ to the _________

A

basal lamina, lamina propria

52
Q

the basal lamina contains lamin, fibronectin, type _____ collagen, _______ sulfate proteoglycans, and _______

A

IV, heparan, nidogen (entactin)

53
Q

the reticular lamina contains type ____ collagen

A

III

54
Q

hemidesmosomes attach the ______ domain to the _______

A

basal, basal lamina (BM)

55
Q

hemidesmosomes consist of protein ______ that anchor structures of the cell

A

plaques

56
Q

intracellular plaques of hemidesmosomes inside the cell bind to keratin __________ filaments of the cytoskeleton

A

intermediate

57
Q

extracellular domains of hemidesmosomes including ______ and ______ bind to molecules in the basal lamina

A

integrins, laminins

58
Q

the lateral domain is the site of attachment to other cells in the epithelial sheet and is the avenue of ______ for materials

A

transport

59
Q

the paracellular pathway is located _______ epithelial cells and is regulated by certain proteins

A

between

60
Q

occluding junctions or _________, seal cells together and control the ______ of substances through the paracellular pathway

A

tight junctions, transport

61
Q

adhering junctions include _______ and ______ which function to mechanically _______ cells together or to the _______

A

zona adherens, macula adherenes (desmosomes), attach, extracellular matrix

62
Q

communicating junctions or _______, mediate the passage of ________ or _______ from one cell to thee other

A

gap junctions, chemical, electrical signals

63
Q

tight junctions form seals that prevent proteins from ___________ and limit transcellular ________ and are associated with _____ filaments

A

migrating to other domains, transport, actin

64
Q

tight junctions (zona occuldens) are formed by transmembrane proteins ______ and _______ and are associated with ______ filaments inside the cell and bind to ______ outside the cell

A

claudins, occludins, actin, each other

65
Q

zona adherins are junctions that ______ and stabilize the sheet

A

attach cells together

66
Q

zona adherens use ______ outside the cell to attach plasma membrane together and ______ filaments inside the cell

A

cadherins, actin

67
Q

Desmosomes (macula adherens) form a series of attachment sights that stabilize the epithelium which are important in ______

A

skin

68
Q

outside of the cell, desmosomes hold adjacent plasma membranes together by _______ and _______

A

desmocollins , desmogleins

69
Q

inside the cell, desmosomes use thick protein plaques as insertion points for ________ filaments of the cytoskeleton

A

intermediate

70
Q

Pemphigus, is a blistering disease where individuals make antibodies that bind and disrupt ______ which results in severe blistering

A

desmosomes

71
Q

Gap junctions consist of transmembrane ________ proteins that form channels between cells called _______

A

connexin, connexons

72
Q

Gap junctions permit the flow of _____ and ______ molecules for _________ communication between cells

A

ions , small, electrochemical

73
Q

_____ connexin proteins form one connexon, and ______ connexons form a gap junction

A

six, two

Anatomical Sciences Exam 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions