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Anatomical Sciences Exam 1 > Early Embryology > Flashcards

Early Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

ovulation occurs ______ days into the ovarian cycle where 1 ______ is released from the ovary and swept up by fimbriae into the _______

A

14, oocyte, oviduct (uterine tube/fallopin tube)

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2
Q

the sperm travel time from cervix to oviduct is about ______ to ______

A

30 min, 6 days

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3
Q

the results of fertilization include a _________, gender ________, and ________ initiation

A

diploid number of chromosomes, determination, cleavage

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4
Q

fertilization happens when a sperm makes contact with the egg and releases enzymes from its _______ to degrade the _______, then the sperm binds to the egg so that the sperm and egg ________ merge, the egg then releases chemcials to prevent ________, the sperm and egg nuclei then combine to make a ______

A

acrosome, zona pellucida, membranes, other sperm from entering, diploid zygote

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5
Q

after fertilization the egg and sperm are now considered a single celled ______

A

zygote

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6
Q

the results of fertilization include the formation of a _______, _______ number of chromosomes, _______ determination, and __________ initiation

A

zygote, diploid, gender, cleavage

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7
Q

does the sperm or egg determine gender?

A

sperm

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8
Q

the sperm must reach the egg within 24 hours or it will _______

A

degenerate

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9
Q

the ______ is the widen part of the uterine tube where the sperm and egg meet and fertilize

A

ampulla

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10
Q

the purpose of fimbrae is to ______ the oocyte into the_______

A

sweep, fallopian tube

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11
Q

the myometrium is composed of ______ and is under the endometrium but between the endometrium and perimetrium

A

smooth muscle

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12
Q

cleavage begins around ____ hours after fertilization

A

30

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13
Q

the zygote repeatedly divides through mitosis into 2 cells (_______), then 4 cells (_______), then 8 cells, 16 etc and continues

A

blastula, blastula

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14
Q

once a zygote divides into 16 to 32 cells it is considered a ______

A

morula

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15
Q

The morula forms after fertilization and multiple cleavages about ____ days after fertilization

A

3

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16
Q

The morula becomes an advanced morula at around ____ days after fertilization

A

4

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17
Q

around 5 days post fertilization, the morula forms a hallow ball of cells called ______ that contains _____ in the center

A

blastocyst, fluid

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18
Q

the inner cell mass of the blastocyst is called the ______

A

embryoblast

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19
Q

the inner cell mass or embryoblast will eventually become the _______

A

embryo

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20
Q

the _______ is the inner hollow cavity of the embryoblast

A

blastocyst cavity/ blastocoele

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21
Q

the blastocyst is pushed along the fallopian tube until it enters the ______ and implants on day 7

A

uterus

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22
Q

the blastocyst sheds the ________ beofore implantation

A

zona pellucida

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23
Q

the blastocyst implants into the ______

A

endometrium

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24
Q

cervical implantation is not ideal due to growth of the fetus causing too much ______ and does not give viable room for growth

A

pressure

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25
Q

in normal implantation the oocyte moves ______ towards the uterus

A

proximally

26
Q

in a peritoneal pregnancy the egg falls out of the fallopian tube and implants on the ______ wall

A

abdominal

27
Q

on day 8, the trophoblast differentiates into two layers; the _________ and the _____________

A

cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast

28
Q

the trophoblast is the ________ cells of the blastocyst

A

surrounding (kinda like a cell wall)

29
Q

the _______ cells invade the uterine wall for implantation

A

trophoblast

30
Q

the trophoblast eventually becomes part of the ______ and provides ______ to the developing embryo

A

placenta, nutrients

31
Q

the cytotrophoblast is considered the ______ layer of the trophoblast, and can be thought of as the ______ cells of the trophoblast
**still contain cell walls

A

inner, stem

32
Q

during week two the syncytiotrophoblasts start to produce enough ______ to give off a positive pregnancy test

A

hCG hormone

33
Q

the syncytiotrophoblast is considered the _____ layer of the trophoblast and is the part that implants into the ______
**lose cell walls

A

outer, endometrium

34
Q

on day 8, the embryoblast divides into the ______ and ______

A

epiblast, hypoblast

35
Q

on day 9, two cavities form called the ________ and the exocoelomic cavity also called the _______

A

amniotic cavity, primitive yolk sac

36
Q

inside the epiblast is where the ________ forms and grows

A

amniotic cavity

37
Q

the hypoblasts give rise to the _______

A

primitive yolk sac

38
Q

amniocentesis is the process of obtaining _____ in order to test for genetic defects of the developing fetus

A

amniotic fluid

39
Q

the amniotic cavity eventually will be the space the ______ develops

A

fetus

40
Q

once the yolk sac has been depleted of all the _______, the ______ and _______begin to support the fetus with nutrients

A

nutrients, placenta, umbilical cord

41
Q

on day 12 the _______ is split to form the extraembryonic ______ mesoderm and the extraembryonic ______ mesoderm

A

extraembryonic mesoderm, splanchnic, somatic

42
Q

the extraembryonic _______ mesoderm is the inner layer closest to the yolk sac that will eventually form ______

A

splanchnic, internal organs

43
Q

the extraembryonic ______ mesoderm is the outer layer closer to the trophoblasts that will eventually form ______

A

somatic, external amenities

44
Q

On day 13, in between the somatic and splanchnic mesoderms, the ________forms

A

chronic cavity

45
Q

the amniotic cavity is the only cavity that will ______

A

grow

46
Q

the trophoblastic lacunae or pools of blood can cause women to have a ______

A

“fake period”

47
Q

at the start of week 3, gastrulation converts the _________ embryo into the _________ embryo

A

bilaminar, trilaminar

48
Q

the three germ layers produced by gastrulation include the _______, ________, and ________

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

49
Q

the ectoderm is formed from the ______, while the endoderm is formed from the displacement of ______

A

epiblasts, hypoblasts

50
Q

the ectoderm forms the ________, ______ and appendages that relate to _______ environments

A

neural system, skin, external

51
Q

the mesoderm forms the ________ tissue, ______ buds, _______ system, body wall and membranes that line _______

A

musculoskeletal, limb, genitourinary, cavities

52
Q

the endoderm forms the foregut, midgut, and hindgut, the ______ tract, ______ tract and _______

A

GI, respiratory, bladder

53
Q

during gastrulation the epiblast cells migrate through the ______ node and streak

A

primitive

54
Q

the cloacal membrane will eventually become the _____ while the oropharyngeal membrane will become the future ______

A

anus, head and mouth

55
Q

the _______ membrane develops faster/sooner because the cells migrate through the primitive streak toward it

A

oropharyngael

56
Q

a teratogen refers to the agent responsible for a ______

A

birth defect

57
Q

the disease holoprosencephaly (cyclopia) is usually genetic and associated with gastrulation in that there is an injury to the ________

A

anterior midline (cranial region) of the germ disc

58
Q

the disease caudal dysgenesis (sirenomelia) is usually caused by genetic and environmental factors and associated with gastrulation in that there is an injury to the ________

A

caudal (tail region) aspect of the germ disc

59
Q

sacrococcygeal tumors are associated with gastrulation due to remnant of the ______….. this forms teratomas which are tumors that can have hair, teeth etc

A

primitive streak

60
Q

conjoined twins is associated with gastrulation in that the splitting of the _______ happens to late

A

primitive node

Anatomical Sciences Exam 1 (6 decks)

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