Epithelium Flashcards
three principal functions of epithelium
- Covering (Epidermis)
- Absorption (Intestinal lining)
- Secretion (Glands)
3 shapes of epithelial cells
- Squamous (Flattened Nuclei)
- Cuboidal (Spherical Nuclei)
- Columnar (Elongated Nuclei)
The connective tissue that underlies the epithelia lining the organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems is called?
Lamina Propria
2 layers of Basement Membrane
- Basal Lamina = on the apical side
- Reticular Lamina
Type VII collagen connects basal & ret; Type III in Reticular
2 layers of the Basal Lamina
- Lamina Lucida - consists of Laminin
- Lamina Densa - consists of type VI collagen
What junction forms a seal between adjacent cells? Otherwise known as?
Controlling of passage ng molecules
Tight Junctions or Zonula Occludens
Integral proteins = Occludins, Claudins
What do you call the sites of strong cell adhesion?
Below tight junctions; firmly anchoring a cell to its neighbors
Adherens Junction or Zonula Adherens
Protein = Cadherin
Provides points of strong intermediate filament coupling between adjacent cells, strengthening the tissue
Desmosomes or Macula Adherens
Cadherin familiy too ang proteins
What junction anchors the cytoskeleton to the basal lamina?
Hemidesmosome
Transmembrane protein = Integrin
Junction that focuses on cellular communication rather than adhesion or occlusion
Gap Junction or Nexus
Transmembrane protein = Connexin
What are the 5 cell junctions? (accdg to layer + other term)
- Tight Junction (Zonula Occludins)
- Adherens Junction (Zonula Adherens)
- Desmosome (Macula Adherens)
- Gap Junction (Nexus)
- Hemidesmosome (Anchoring Junction)
What do you call the apical surface specialization that is visible as a brush or striated border projecting into the lumen?
Microvilli
This specialization of the apical surface is responsible for the increase in surface area for better absorption, what is this?
Microvilli
usually seen in the intestinal tract
The term used by doc yolo to describe rapidly dividing cells
Labile
This apical specialization is best seen on the epithelium of the male reproductive system
Stereocilia
In the epididymis
This specialization is abundant on cuboidal or columnar cells but usually on columnar. Long & highly motile too and larger than microvilli containing arrays of microtubules
Cilia; dominant sa columnar
9+2 microtubule arrangement called axoneme
Types of Epithelium (based on function)
- Covering or Lining epithelia
- Secretory or Glandular epithelia
Identify the epithelium
Lining of blood vessels
Simple Squamous
Identify the epithelium
Pericardium, Pleura, and Peritoneum
Simple Squamous
Identify the epithelium
Thyroid
Simple Cuboidal
Identify the epithelium
Lining of the ovary
Simple Cuboidal
Identify the epithelium
Lining of the intestine
Simple Columnar
Identify the epithelium
Gallbladder
Simple Columnar
Identify the epithelium
Epidermis
Stratified Squamous Keratinized
Identify the epithelium
Mouth
Stratified Squamous Nonkeratizined
Identify the epithelium
Esophagus
Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinized
Identify the epithelium
Larynx
Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinized
Identify the epithelium
Vagina
Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinized
Identify the epithelium
Anal canal
Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinized
Identify the epithelium
Sweat glands
Stratified Cuboidal
Identify the epithelium
Submaxillary gland
Stratified Cuboidal
Identify the epithelium
Sublingual Gland
Stratified Cuboidal
Identify the epithelium
Parotid Gland
Stratified Cuboidal
Identify the epithelium
Developing ovarian follicles
Stratified Cuboidal
Identify the epithelium
Bladder
Transitional
Identify the epithelium
Renal Calyces
Transitional
Identify the epithelium
Ureters
Transitional
Identify the epithelium
Conjunctiva
Stratified Columar
Identify the epithelium
Urethra
Stratified Columnar
Identify the epithelium
Trachea
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated
Identify the epithelium
Bronchi
Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated
Identify the epithelium
Nasal Cavity
Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated
Identify the epithelium
Epididymis
Pseudostratified Columnar Stereocilia
What epithelium allows for the distensions?
Transitional
Epithelial cells that function mainly to produce and secrete are called?
Glands
Glands that have ducts and remain connected to the surface epithelium
Exocrine Glands
Glands that lose their connection to their original epithelium
Endocrine glands
2 types of glands
- Simple (single duct)
- Compound (2 or more branches)
2 types of secretory portions of glands
- Tubular (short, long, or coiled tubes)
- Acinar (round & saclike)
3 basic mechanisms for product releasing
- Merocrine - released by exocytosis
- Holocrine - disintegration of secretory cells themselves (usually seen on sebaceous glands and lipid-producing)
- Apocrine - secretions are parts of the cell itself (cytoplasm & cell membrane) (lipid droplets in the mammary gland)
2 types of merocrine secretions
- Serous - kapag hindi nagbibiro
- Mucous - mucins then mucous (mucins are proteins)
most common tumors in adults after age 45. cancer of the glands
Adenocarcinoma
malignant tumors of epithelial origin are called?
carcinomas
change of epithelium shape to another shape
metaplasia
this is reversible
abnormal tissue growth
neoplasia
irreversible
Identify type of duct
Mucous glands of colon; intestinal glands or crypts
Simple Tubular
Identify type of duct
Uterus and stomach glands
Branched Tubular
Identify type of duct
Sweat glands
Coilded tubular
Identify type of duct
small mucous glands in the urethra
Acinar
Identify type of duct
Sebaceous glands skin
Branched Acinar
Identify type of duct
Brunner’s glands
Tubular
Compound
Identify type of duct
Exocrine pancreas
Acinar
Compound
Identify type of duct
Salivary Glands
Tubuloacinar
Compound
Glycosylated proteins in mucous cells
Mucins
mucins muna to produce mucus
