Epithelial Tissues VII

Question 1

The secretions from both exocrine and endocrine glands are generally regulated by

Answer 1

the autonomic nervous system (i.e. by direct neuronal stimulation), by hormones from blood, or by both

Question 2

Exocrine glands often secrete continuously at _______ but can be triggered to _______ by these mechanisms. For example, _______

Answer 2

• a low rate
• greatly increase the volumes of secretion
• the sight or smell of food stimulates serous secretions from salivary glands, and mucous and serous secretions from gastrointestinal glands.

Question 3

Endocrine secretions tend to be _______ regulated by _______ or _______ stimulation. Defects in this regulation lead to disease

Answer 3

• tightly
• hormonal
• neuronal

Question 4

Examples of epithelial diseases

Answer 4

-DM, liver disease, kidney disease, lung disease, GI disease, skin disease, hearing disease and ciliopathies

Question 5

ex of GI epithelial disease

Answer 5

ulcerative colitis (ulceration and destruction of the absorptive epithelium)

Question 6

ex of skin epithelial disease

Answer 6

pemphigus (autoimmune disease in which antibodies are produced against components of the desmosomes in skin, leading to extensive blistering)

Question 7

the most common cancers by far are derived from the epithelial tissues probably due to

Answer 7

damage exposure and high stem-cell driven turnover rates

Question 8

cancers of epithelial origin are called _______

Answer 8

carcinomas

Question 9

cancers derived from glandular epithelium are known as _______

Answer 9

adenocarcinomas

Question 10

tumors first develop within _______ before metastasizing

Answer 10

an epithelial sheet

Question 11

carcinomas often retain ______, so the dx and tx is aided by ______

Answer 11

• some properties of their tissues of origin

- histological appearance of the tumor and knowledge of epithelial biology

Question 12

It is now believed that carcinomas result from defects in

Answer 12

regulatory pathways that control epithelial stem cells or their progeny during tissue development and maintenance

Question 13

Injuries to skin epithelia that do not extensively damage the basal epithelial stem cells and basal lamina _______, but if the basal skin layers and basal laminae are severely compromised, _______; for example, _______

Answer 13

• can often be repaired by intrinsic mechanisms
• they are replaced by scar tissue
• severe burns may require skin grafts to replace a damaged basal lamina and restore a population of basal skin epithelial stem cells.