Connective Tissues I

Question 1

Connective tissues (CT) are found _______, and around _______ and _______. _______ course through various connective tissues (except for cartilage)

Answer 1

• under the basal surface of epithelia
• muscles
• nerves
• Blood vessels

Question 2

Structural and functional features of CTs produce

Answer 2

a prominent extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 3

the ECM is made of

Answer 3

structural fibers, glycoproteins and polysaccharides secreted by a relatively small number of cell types

Question 4

superficial fascia

Answer 4

CTs near the body surface form a nearly continuous compartment of relatively loose and easily dissected tissue

Question 5

deep fascia

Answer 5

deep to the superficial fascia and is a much tougher a region of dense CT. it consists of multiple distinct CT elements which includes the prominint thick epimysium of the muslces

Question 6

CTs as functional units

Answer 6

ligaments, tendons and capsules and coverings

Question 7

all _______ and _______ are made of specialized CT

Answer 7

bones and cartilage structures

Question 8

functions of CT (3)

Answer 8

1. mechanical strength and support for the specialized tissues and organs
2. conduct and control the exchange of nutrients, metabolites and signaling ligands between different cell types of organs and between organ cell types and blood vessels
3. To directly control the behavior and functions of cells that contact the connective tissue matrix (the ECM).

Question 9

functions of the ECM

Answer 9

a. control of cell polarization and shape
b. guidance and reg of cell migration through the matrix
c. control of cell proliferation, differentiation and metabolism
d. defense against infectious agents
e. control of tissues formation, organization and modification
f. control of inflammation and repair

Question 10

2 types of cells in CTs

Answer 10

1. core “resident” cells: produce and secrete components of the ECM and can proliferate to produce new CT
2. immigrante blood-derived cells: WBCs that are produced from blood precursors (hematopoietic cells) in the bone marrow and migrate from blood into CT. many are part of the immune system

Question 11

Types of core celsl

Answer 11

1. mesenchymal cells
2. fibroblasts
3. myofibroblasts
4. adipocytes
5. osteoblasts
6. chondrocytes
7. some smooth muscle cells

Question 12

mesenchymal cells are precursors to _______; they primarily function in _______, but a small number of them may persist through adulthood to function as _______

Answer 12

• all the CT family members
• embryogenesis
• stem cells for generation of new connective tissues

Question 13

Fibroblasts are

Answer 13

the pre-eminent cells of most connective tissues in the body

Question 14

Myofibroblasts-these derivatives of fibroblasts are capable of _______, and are found in _______. These cells are often generated at _______ where their contractile function contributes to retraction and shrinkage of scar tissue.

Answer 14

• smooth muscle-like function
• connective tissues that require a contractile function
• the site of wounds

Question 15

Adipocytes are derivatives of _______. The main type of adipocyte found in adults functions to _______; tissue containing these cells is called “_______ fat”.

Answer 15

• fibroblasts and/or primitive mesenchymal cells
• store fat as energy for other cell types
• white

Question 16

A distinct type of adipocyte is prominent in newborns and children; it contains many _______ that convert _______. Tissue with these cells is called “_______ fat”.

Answer 16

• mitochondria
• fatty acid into heat
• brown

Question 17

Osteoblasts and osteocytes are the cells that

Answer 17

make bone

Question 18

Chondrocytes are the cells that make

Answer 18

cartilage

Question 19

Some smooth muscle cells, particularly those in the _______, make some of the extracellular matrix components in which they are imbedded. These (but possibly not all) smooth muscle cells derive from_______, which would explain their ability to synthesize and secrete similar types of ECM components.

Answer 19

• walls of blood vessels

- the same types of precursors as other connective tissue cells