Epithelial Tissues VI

Question 1

The primary function of glands is

Answer 1

secretion of either specific bioactive molecules (e.g. hormones), complex fluids (e.g. mucous, sweat), or both

Question 2

Exocrine glands

Answer 2

secrete materials onto epithelia-lined surfaces or the outside world.

Question 3

Endocrine glands

Answer 3

secrete substances into the blood stream

Question 4

Exocytosis:

Answer 4

glands secreting by this familiar, and most common, mechanism are sometimes called merocrine or apocrine glands

Question 5

Total cell disintegration

Answer 5

leads to the entire cellular contents becoming part of the secretion; glands of this sort are less common, and are sometimes called holocrine glands (examples include the secretion of oily sebum onto hair and skin).

Question 6

Exocrine glands secrete materials onto the _______ side of epithelial surfaces. They are generally _______ and are composed of 2 main components: _______ and _______

Answer 6

• apical
• multicellular
• secretory units
• ducts

Question 7

However, some epithelial cells in the lining of internal passageways function as unicellular glands secreting materials directly onto those surfaces

Answer 7

• unicellular

- directly

Question 8

secretory units

Answer 8

clumps of secretory epithelial cells which produce and secrete the bulk of the secretion

Question 9

Secretory units can be organized into:

Answer 9

bowl/flask-shaped lobules called alveoli or acini

tubes called tubular

Question 10

ducts

Answer 10

tubular structures that emanate from the secretory unit and function as passageways to conduct secretions to their destinations (epithelia can also modify the secretion content by secretory and ion transport properties)

Question 11

Glands that possess a single duct are classified as ______, whereas those with multiple branched ducts are called _______.

Answer 11

• simple glands

- compound glands

Question 12

mucous exocrine glands

Answer 12

viscous glycoprotein-rich fluid is produced

Question 13

serous exocrine glands

Answer 13

water fluid containing salts and some specific proteins is produced

Question 14

mixed exocrine glands

Answer 14

both kinds (glycoprotein-rich and salt) of secretions are produced

Question 15

secretory epithelial cells of exocrine glands secrete materials ______ from their ______ surface ***with the exception of ______ secretion

Answer 15

• unidirectionally
• apical
• holocrine

Question 16

endocrine glands produce mostly

Answer 16

specific hormones that act over relatively long distances to control tissue function

Question 17

organization of endocrine glands

Answer 17

clumps or chords of cells that are embedded with and surrounded by CT containing extensive cap networks. each clump is surrounded by a basal lamina

Question 18

because each endocrine clump is surrounded by a basal lamina but the blood caps are embedded in CT on the other side of the epithelial basal lamina,

Answer 18

hormone molecules must cross the basal surface and basal lamina of the epithelium (and finally the basal lam and endothelial layer of the cap) to reach the blood stream

Question 19

because hormone molecules must cross so many layers to reach the blood stream,

Answer 19

most endocrine cells secrete them from the BL membrane