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Manual Skills & Techniques 4 > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

0
Q

Sudden onset, self limiting episode of physical and/or psychological dysfunction caused by an abnormal burst of firing in the CNS is known as:

A

Seizure.

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1
Q

A neurological condition of various etiologies which affects the CNS and results in recurrent spontaneous seizures is known as:

A

Epilepsy.

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2
Q

Ictus/Ictal is used as:

A

Medical term for seizure activity.

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3
Q

Aura is known as:

A

Sensory hallucination.

Many seizures begin with them.
Location usually indicates type n vice versa.

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4
Q

What are the common aura experiences?

A
  • tinnitus
  • whirring or gong like sounds
  • flashing lights
  • apparent darkening of room
  • paraesthesia
  • smells or tastes (burnt toast, oranges, eggs, metal
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5
Q

Define triggers:

A

Immediate stimulus (sensory mainly) which initiates activity in the abnormal part of brain and pushes it beyond seizure threshold.

Common ones:
-strobe lights, flickering lights, rhythmic stimuli, loud noise, pain or emotional stress, complex patterns, allergies, complex functions, neuronal firing

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6
Q

What are destabilizing factors?

A

-background factors that make someone with epilepsy more sensitive or prone to seizure triggers.
They lower the persons threshold.

  • recent injury/illness, lack of sleep, poor eating
  • pain or emotional stress, alcohol/drugs
  • irregular meds intake
  • new meds or meds changes
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7
Q

What are some of the most common causes of epilepsy?

A
  • genetic defect
  • difficult birth
  • head trauma
  • infections (meningitis, encephalitis)
  • cerebrovascular disease n stroke
  • cardiac dysfunction or arrest
  • kid episodes of high fever
  • allergies
  • suffocation or hypoxic incident
  • severe shock (war, rape etc)
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8
Q

List the common types of seizures:

A
  • tonic/clonic
  • absence
  • Jacksonian
  • psychomotor
  • akinetic/atonic
  • myoclonic
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9
Q

What does Tonus mean in regards to seizures?

A

The entire body becomes rigid for about 1min.

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10
Q

Clonus means the entire body becomes flaccid for about 1-8minutes.

True or false?

A

False.

It becomes spasmodic

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11
Q

How does a tonic/clonic seizure begin?

Distinguishing factor.

A

See an aura first and will be the only part of the seizure they remember.

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12
Q

What’s often a sign that a tonic/clonic seizure is ending?

A

Urinary or fecal incontinence.

They have slow return to consciousness with confusion, fatigue and stupor for up to 48hours.

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13
Q

A person is considered in a state of status epilepticus on what occasion?

A

When they don’t come out of the seizure after 10mins or so.

Tonic/clonic seizures are most dangerous for the patient.

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14
Q

Absence seizures are a 10-30 sec loss of consciousness without loss of muscle tone.

True or false.

A

True.

  • Minimal to no post Ictal symptoms.
  • May have a mild tonic component
  • Eyes roll back into sockets
  • May froth at the mouth
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15
Q

Distinguishing factor of Jacksonian type seizure is

A

The marching like sequence.

There is an initial spasm of the entire body followed by rapid squential progression of spasm throughout body parts.

16
Q

Consciousness is always affected with Jacksonian type seizures.

True or false?

A

False.

Not usually affected.

17
Q

Which seizure type is usually seen in adults post injury to temporal lobe?

A

Psychomotor.

  • loss of mental and emotional contact with surroundings
  • May become motionless or stare blankly
  • May include automatism
  • lasts about 2mins
  • post Ictal amnesia is common.
18
Q

Post Ictal amnesia is uncommon with psychomotor seizures.

True or false.

A

False.

Common.

19
Q

Automatism (involuntary but coordinated motor activity) occurs in conjunction to which seizure type?

A

Psychomotor.

20
Q

Falling, stumbling, bumping into objects or dropping objects are all characteristics of which seizure type?

A

Akinetic/atonic

-they lose motor control for only a few seconds with no loss of consciousness

21
Q

Which seizure type is seen exclusively in children?

A

Atonic/akinetic.

May disappear with age or may progress to tonic/clonic.

22
Q

Myoclonus seizures are sudden n brief with shock like contractions involving the whole body or few body parts.

True or false?

A

True.

23
Q

There is loss of consciousness with myoclonic seizures.

True or false?

A

False.

No loss.

24
Q

What are some seizure complications?

A
  • injuries
  • Todd’s paralysis
  • status epilepticus
  • cardiac arrest
  • respiratory arrest
  • long term complications
25
Q

Todd’s paralysis is postictal, lasting 24-48 hours following the seizure.

True or false?

A

True.

26
Q

Condition where a person fails to come out of the seizure or proceeds directly into another is known as:

A

Status epilepticus.

Commonly due to non-compliance with meds, alcohol withdrawal, metabolic disease, tumours, infarctions or destabilizing factors.

27
Q

Cardiac arrest in epilepsy is usually due to:

A

Heart muscle dysarhythmia.

28
Q

Which medication is strongly associated with osteoporosis?

A

Dilantin.

29
Q

Dupuytrens contracture is commonly associated with which medication?

A

Phenobarbitol

30
Q

When is the best time to treat an epileptic patient taking seizure medication?

A

First half time interval in which meds have been taken

If meds taken in morning, you should treat them before midday

31
Q

How long post seizure is massage therapy contraindicated?

A

24-48hours.

32
Q

Prone is the best position for patient having a seizure as it helps clear the airways.

A

False.

3/4 prone is. Must be in clear area or on mat on floor.

Have at least 6pillows handy when treating epileptic patient.

33
Q

When a patient is in seizure and you have positioned them in recovery position, what should you do next?

A

Make note of time and assume 1-2mins have passed from aura to repositioning them.

34
Q

What is considered subacute time frame post seizures?

A

48-76 hours.

Manual Skills & Techniques 4 (16 decks)

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