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Manual Skills & Techniques 4 > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

0
Q

Diabetes is defined as:

A

Disorder of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism resulting from an imbalance between insulin availability and insulin need.

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1
Q

In Greek, diabetes mellitus means:

A

Passing honey tasting water like a syphon

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2
Q

Which diabetes affects the highest number of the population?

A

Type 2. By 90%

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3
Q

What is the estimated cost of treating diabetes projected to be in 2020 by the Canadian diabetes association?

A

16.9billion dollars

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4
Q

What are some of the risk factors for diabetes?

A
  • blacks, Hispanics & aboriginals for type 2NIDDM
  • obesity
  • being over 40
  • giving birth to 9+ lb baby
  • family history
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5
Q

What can cause diabetes mellitus?

A
  • insulin deficiency/impairment from pancreas
  • defective insulin receptors on cells
  • genetic predisposition
  • environmental factors in genetically susceptible person (viruses and toxins)
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6
Q

What are the types of diabetes?

A
  • IDDM (insulin dependant diabetes mellitus) 1

- NIDDM (non insulin dependant diabetes mellitus) 2

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7
Q

What is the other name of type 1 diabetes?

A

Juvenile diabetes.

Formerly

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8
Q

Pancreas over produces insulin in type 1 diabetes (IDDM).

True / False?

A

False.

Pancreas not producing insulin.

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9
Q

The accumulation of ketones or compounds in the body as the result of fatty acid metabolism is known as:

A

Ketosis.

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10
Q

Lack of insulin resulting in excess glucose in bloodstream and inability to metabolize the sugar is known as:

A

Ketacidosis.

Potentially life threatening.
Seen in type 1 diabetes.

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11
Q

Short, rapid hyperventilation followed by deep n laboured breathing is known as:

A

Kussmaul respiration.

One symptom of ketacidosis.

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12
Q

In relation to type 1 diabetic symptoms, what is coffee ground?

A

Vomiting dark blood.

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13
Q

List some symptoms of ketacidosis:

A
  • nausea
  • confusion
  • lethargy
  • abdominal pain
  • coma
  • Kussmaul respiration
  • coffee ground
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14
Q

What does the treatment of type 1 diabetes often include?

A

-insulin injection
-diet modification
General fitness and activity

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15
Q

What was type 2 diabetes formerly known as?

A

Maturity of adult onset diabetes.

Approx 80% of these diabetics are clinically obese.

16
Q

Type 2 diabetics produce enough insulin but the receptor sites of cells for absorbing the glucose do not function adequately.

True / False?

A

True.

17
Q

Type 2 diabetics are typically treated with diet and exercise for weight loss.

True / false?

A

True.

18
Q

What are other types of diabetes aside from type 1 n 2?

A

-secondary diabetes
(From underlying pathology)

-gestational diabetes
(Develops during pregnancy)

19
Q

Are women with gestational diabetes at a higher or lower risk for pregnancy complications, fetal abnormality or mortality?

A

Yes.

Can also develop it 5-10 years post delivery.

20
Q

What are the roles of insulin in the body?

A
  • aids in uptake n storage of glucose in liver, skeletal mm and fat cells.
  • inhibits breakdown of fats
  • protein also requires insulin for transport into cells
21
Q

What are the 3 P’s of diabetes?

A
  • Polyuria: excessive urination by osmotic pull of glucose
  • Polyphagia: increased appetite
  • Polydipsia: excessive fluid loss thus increased thirst
22
Q

List some of the effects of high blood glucose levels:

A 
-hyperglycaemia
(Blurred vision, fatigue, candida infections)
-glucosuria
-polyuria
-polydipsia
-polyphagia
23
Q

All these are symptoms of diabetes except:

  • increased thirst
  • increased urination
  • sensitive feet
  • vaginal infections
  • constant hunger
  • blurry vision
  • sudden weight gain
A

Sensitive feet and sudden weight gain…

They actually lose weight suddenly and have numb or tingling hands/feet.

24
Q

What are some of the case history questions to inquire about that massage may have an effect on?

A
  • stability
  • blood pressure
  • cardiac and renal failure
  • injection sites
  • destabilizing factors

Some questions may be left till trust level established with patient (client compliance)

25
Q

The common injection sites are:

A
  • abdomen
  • thighs
  • biceps
26
Q

What’s the diff btwn diabetic shock n diabetic coma?

A

Shock: mins to occur, from too much insulin and not enough sugar

Coma: hours to occur, too much glucose and not enough insulin

27
Q

What are symptoms of someone in diabetic coma?

A
  • delusional/emotionally labile, violent
  • cold/sweaty
  • proceeding towards unconsciousness
  • slurred speech
28
Q

Massage can destabilize patient just as exercise can, hence we need to know if typically affected by exercise.

True / False?

A

True.

29
Q

When patient is in diabetic shock / coma, it is safe to administer insulin.

True / False?

A

Never.

We only give sugar envelope if diabetic coma…

30
Q

What is a popular arthritis remedy that is contraindicated/should be avoided by diabetics?

A

-Glucosamine

31
Q

What are some chronic complications of Diabetes?

A
  • nephropathies
  • retinopathies
  • vascular complications
  • foot ulcers
  • peripheral neuropathies
  • peri arthritis n adhesive capsulitis
  • vasomotor reflex defects
  • contracture, stiffness, inflammation
  • impaired bladder innervation
32
Q

State diff between Central Diabetes insipidus and Neurogenic Diabetes insipidus:

A

Central:
-results from kidneys not responding to presence of ADH
(Lithium drug, recessive gene, kidney disease)

Neurogenic:
-deficiency in synthesis or release of ADH from posterior pituitary gland.
(Post trauma-surgery, head injury, meningitis)

Manual Skills & Techniques 4 (16 decks)

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