Epilepsy

Question 1

What are seizures?

Answer 1

Abnormally large and hyper synchronous activity of neutrons

Question 2

Describe activity within generalised seizures?

Answer 2

Both hemispheres involved

Question 3

Describe hemispheric activation in focal seizures?

Answer 3

Originates I;one hemisphere

Question 4

Describe hemispheric activation in focal to bilateral seizures?

Answer 4

Originates in one hemisphere and spreads to both

Question 5

What determines the symptoms of a focal seizure ?

Answer 5

The cortical region

Question 6

Describe a focal seizure

Answer 6

Consciousness remains
Unable to speak or talk

Question 7

Describe a focal impaired awareness seizure

Answer 7

Any degree of impairment during seizure

Question 8

Types of focal seizures

Answer 8

Focal aware
Focal impaired awareness
Awareness unknown

Question 9

Name of focal seizure where unable to determine if Individual is conscious:

Answer 9

Awareness unknown is

Question 10

Describe the firing in a generalised seizure:

Answer 10

Synchronised and wide spread

Question 11

Early sign of focal impaired seizure:

Answer 11

Amnesia

Question 12

Which circuit is implicated in early stage of generalised seizures?

Answer 12

Thalamocortical

Question 13

Originating in thalamocortical regions, where does a generalised seizure spread to?

Answer 13

All areas of the cortex simultaneously

Question 14

Describe hemispheric activation in a generalised seizure ?

Answer 14

Bilateral symmetrical

Question 15

Impact of consciousness within generalised seizure:

Answer 15

Presumed to be impacted

Question 16

Focal seizures can result in what other kind of seizure …

Answer 16

Secondary generalised seizure

Question 17

During a focal seizure, what circuit is recruited to trigger a generalised seizure ?

Answer 17

Thalamocortical

Question 18

Degree of thalamocortical involvement determines whether what arises during a secondary generalised seizure ?

Answer 18

Tonic clonic convulsions

Question 19

Persistent seizures if the brain is termed as:

Answer 19

Status epilepticus

Question 20

Criteria for status epilepticus:

Answer 20

Persists for more than 30 minute
OR
2 seizures with no intermediate full recovery in 30 minutes

Question 21

Which disorder is a risk factor for future unprovoked seizures:

Answer 21

Status epilepticus

Question 22

What happens during an EEG?

Answer 22

Electrical activity Amplified and summated into spike wave discharge

Question 23

Which ions and NT are associated with too much excitation ?

Answer 23

Sodium
Calcium
Glutamate
Aspartate

Question 24

Describe the direction of currents associated with too little inhibition ?

Answer 24

Outward potassium
Inward chloride

Question 25

Which NT implicated in too little inhibition ?

Answer 25

GABBA

Question 26

Why is increased excitation not always associated with seizures ?

Answer 26

Inhibitory neurons may be over excited

Question 27

Which neurons concentrate brain activity within small regions ?

Answer 27

Inhibitory interneurons (10-20% of all neurons)

Question 28

Interneurons maintain excitability flowing …

Answer 28

In one direction : not sideways

Question 29

Risk of recurrence seizures after 1st seizure:

Answer 29

30 to 35%

Question 30

Seizure recurrence risk after second seizure:

Answer 30

60%

Question 31

Epilepsy criteria:

Answer 31

2 or more unprovoked seizures

Question 32

3 classifications Of epilepsy:

Answer 32

Idiopathic
Symptomatic
Cryptogenic