Epi topic starters Flashcards
Foetopathy of swine caused by parvoviruses (SMEDI).
- Porcine parvovirus-1 (PPV-1)
- Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2)
Canine enteritis caused by parvoviruses.
- Canine parvovirus-1(CPV-1)
- Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2)
Feline panleukopaenia.
AKA Infectious gastroenteritis
- Feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV)
- Canine parvovirus-2a (CPV-2a)
Parvovirus diseases of the mink.
- Mink enteritis virus (MEV) → Mink parvovirus enteritis
Derzsy’s Disease of Geese, Parvoviral Disease of Ducks
- Goose parvovirus → Derzsy’s disease
- Duck parvovirus → Parvoviral enteritis of ducks
- Short beak and dwarfism syndrome
Circoviral disease of swine (PMWS, PDNS).
- Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) →
- Porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)
- Porcine dermatitis & nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)
Avian diseases caused by circoviruses, chicken infectious anaemia.
- PBFD virus → Psittacine beak & feather disease (PBFD)
- Pigeon circovirus (CoCV)
- Goose circovirus (GCV)
- Chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV)
Papillomatoses.
- Bovine papillomavirus (BPaV) 1-6 → Bovine papillomatosis
- Equine papillomavirus (EPaV) 1 & 3 → Equine papillomatosis
- Canine papillomavirus (CPaV) → Canine papillomatosis
- Feline papillomavirus (FPaV) → Feline papillomatosis
Haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese.
- Goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV)
Pneumoenteritis of ruminants caused by adenoviruses.
- Bovine/ovine mastadenovirus
- Bovine/ovine atadenovirus
Calf/lamb
Canine infectious hepatitis and infectious laryngotracheitis.
- Canine infectious hepatitis* → Canine adenovirus (CAdV) 1
- Fox encephalitis → Canine adenovirus (CAdV) 1
- Canine infectious laryngotracheitis → Canine adenovirus (CAdV) 2
*AKA Rubarth’s disease
Adenoviral diseases in poultry.
- Fowl adenovirus 1, 7 & 8 → Chicken inclusion body hepatitis
- Fowl adenovirus 4 → Hydropericardium syndrome in geese
- Haemorrhagic enteritis virus → Turkey haemorrhagic enteritis
- Duck atadenovirus A → Egg-drop syndrome (EDS) in duck & goose
Characteristics of herpesviruses, groups, epidemiological features.
- α-herpesvirinae subfamily → Aujeszky’s, Marek’s, turkey herpes
- β-herpesvirinae subfamily → Inclusion body rhinitis
- γ-herpesvirinae subfamily → Malignant catarrhal fever
- α: Neuron
- β: Gland & lymphoid
- γ: Lymphoid cell latency
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
-
Bovine herpesvirus (BHV) 1 & 5 [NOTIF.]
- Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV)
- Infectious pustular balannoposthitis (IPB)
Bovine herpesmamillitis, inclusion body rhinitis of swine.
AKA Pseudolumpy skin disease
- Bovine herpesmamillitis → Bovine herpesvirus (BHV) 2
- Inclusion body rhinitis → Suid herpesvirus (SuHV) 2
Malignant catarrhal fever.
- Ovine herpesvirus (OHV) 2
- Alcelaphine herpesvirus (AlHV) 1
Aujeszky’s disease
- AKA Pseudorabies*
- Suid herpesvirus (SuHV) 1 [NOTIF.]
Diseases of horses caused by EHV-1 and EHV-4 viruses.
Equine herpesvirus (EHV) 1 & 4 →
- Equine rhinopneumonitis = Epizootic abortion [NOTIF.]
Diseases caused by EHV-2, EHV-3 and EHV-5 viruses in horses.
- Equine herpesvirus (EHV) 2 → Equine herpes infection
- Equine herpesvirus (EHV) 3 → Coital exanthema of horse
- Equine herpesvirus (EHV) 5 → Equine herpes infection
Canine herpesviral disease.
- Canid herpesvirus (CHV) 1
Feline infectious rhinotracheitis.
- Felid herpesvirus (FeHV) 1
Infectious laryngotracheitis of chicken.
Infectious laryngotracheitis = ILT
- Galine herpesvirus (GaHV) 1
Marek’s disease.
- Galine herpesvirus (GaHV) 2
- = Marek’s disease virus (MDV) 1
Duck plague, herpesviral disease of pigeons.
- Anatid herpesvirus (AnHV) 1 → Duck plague [NOTIF.]
- Columbid herpesvirus (CoHV) 1→ Pigeon herpes
Bovine diseases caused by poxviruses.
- Cowpox → Cowpox virus (CPXV)[ZOON.]
- Pseudocowpox (parapox) → Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) [ZOON.]
- Lumpy skin disease → Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) [NOTIF.]
Contagious pustular dermatitis of sheep and goat. Swine pox.
- Orf virus (ORFV) → Contagious pustular dermatitis; Orf [ZOON.]
- Swinepox virus (SWPV) → Swine pox
Sheep and goat pox.
- Sheeppox virus (SPV) → Sheep pox [NOTIF.]
- Goatpox virus (GTPV) → Goat pox [NOTIF.]
Myxomatosis.
- Myxoma virus (MYXV)[NOTIF.]
Fowl pox.
- Fowlpox virus (FWPV) [ZOON.]
African swine fever.
- African swine fever virus (ASFV) [NOTIF.]
Teschovirus encephalomyelitis.
- Porcine teschovirus (PTV)(serotype 1) [NOTIF.]
- Teschen disease (all ages)
- Talfan disease (< 3 mo.)
Swine vesicular disease and vesicular exanthema of swine.
- SVD virus (SVDV) → SVD [NOTF.][ZOON.]
- VES virus (VESV) → VES
Avian encephalomyelitis.
- Avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV)
Duck viral hepatitises.
- Duck hepatitis virus (DHV) 1-3 [NOTIF.]
- Duck hepatitis virus B (DHVB) [NOTIF.]
- Duck astrovirus (DAstV) 2
Encephalomyocarditis.
- Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) [ZOON.]
Foot and mouth disease
- Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) [NOTF.][ZOON.]
Feline calicivirus infections.
- Feline calicivirus
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease, European brown hare syndrome.
- Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) [NOTIF.] → RHD
- European brown hare syndrome (EBHSV) [NOTIF.] → EBHS
Diseases of farm animals caused by hepatitis E virus.
- Hepatitis E virus (HEV) 3 [ZOON.] - Pig, rabbit, human
- Hepatitis E virus (HEV) 4 [ZOON.] - Pig & human
- Avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) - Chicken big liver and spleen disease
Diseases caused by astroviruses.
- Turkey astrovirus (TAstV) → Turkey astrovirus disease
- Avian nephritis virus (ANV) 1 & 2 → Avian nephritis
- Duck astrovirus (DAstV) 2 → Duck viral hepatitis
Equine encephalomyelitis caused by togaviruses (Zoon.).
-
Equine alphaviral encephalomyelitis [NOTIF.] [ZOON.]
- Eastern equine encephalitis virus → EEE
- Western equine encephalitis virus → WEE
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus → VEE
- Chikungunya virus
- Ross river fever virus
Equine infectious arteritis.
- Equine arteritis virus (EAV) [NOTIF.]
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.
- Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)
Louping ill and tick-borne encephalitis (Zoon.).
- Louping ill virus (LIV) → Louping ill [ZOON.]
- Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) → Tick born encephalitis [ZOON.]
West Nile fever, disease caused by Usutu virus and other mosquito-borne flaviviral diseases.
- West Nile virus (WNV) → West Nile fever [NOTIF.][ZOON.]
- Usutu virus (USUV) → Usutu
Other mosquito-borne flaviviral diseases
- Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) → Japanese encephalitis [ZOON.]
- Wesselsbron virus (WSLV) → Wesselsbron disease [ZOON.]
- Zika virus [ZIKV] → Zika virus infection [ZOON.]
Bovine viral diarrhoea.
- Pestivirus A (bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1)
- Pestivirus B (Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2)
Border disease of sheep.
- Pestivirus D / Border disease virus
Classical swine fever
- Pesivirus C/Classical swine fever virus [NOTIF.]
Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine.
- Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea, haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis of pigs.
- Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) 1 & 2 → Porcine epidemic diarrhoea
- Porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) →
- Vomiting & wasting disease
- Ontario disease
Coronaviral diarrhoea of cattle and dogs.
- Bovine coronavirus (BCoV)/Betacoronavirus 1 → Coronaviral diarrhoea of cattle
- Calf diarrhoea ( < 3w.)
- Respiratory (2-6 mo.)
- Winter dysentery (Adult)
- Canine coronavirus (CCoV) → Canine enteric coronavirus
- Canine coronavirus (CCoV) 2a genotype→ Canine pantropic coronavirus
Diseases of cats caused by coronaviruses.
- Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) → Feline infectious peritonitis
- Feline enteric coronavirus (FECoV) → Feline enteric coronavirus
Infectious bronchitis of chicken, coronaviral enteritis of turkey.
- Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) → Infectious bronchitis of chicken
- Turkey coronavirus (TCoV) → Coronaviral enteritis of turkey
Diseases of farm animals caused by orthoreoviruses and rotaviruses.
- Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) [ZOON.]
- Rotavirus A [ZOON.]
- Rotavirus B [ZOON.]
- Rotavirus C [ZOON.]
- Rotavirus D - J
Reoviral diseases of poultry.
- Avian orthoreovirus (ARV)
- Tenosynovitis/viral arthritis
- Generalised form
- Runting-stunting syndrome (RSS); Poult enteritis & mortality
Bluetongue.
- Bluetongue virus (BTV) [NOTIF.]
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease.
- Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) [NOTIF.]
African horse sickness, equine encephalosis.
- African horse sickness virus (AHSV) [NOTIF.] → AHS
- Equine encephalosis virus (EEV) → Equine encephalosis
Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro-disease).
- Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) [NOTIF.]
Characteristics of influenza viruses, epidemiology of influenza (Zoon.).
-
Influenza virus A [ZOON.]
- Human influenza
- Swine influenza
- Equine influenza
- Avian influenza: LPAI / HPAI
Swine influenza.
-
Influenza virus A [ZOON.]
- Subtype H1N1
- Subtype H3N2
Equine influenza.
-
Influenza virus A [ZOON.]
- Subtype H3N8
- Subtype H7N7
Avian influenza.
-
Influenza virus A [ZOON.] [NOTIF.]
- Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI)
- High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI)
- Subtype H5N1
Rinderpest, peste des petits ruminants.
- Rinderpest virus (RPV)[NOTIF.] → Rinderpest
- Small ruminant morbillivirus / Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV)[NOTIF.] → Peste des petits ruminants (Ovine rinderpest)
Canine distemper.
- Canine distemper virus (CDV)
Diseases caused by Henipa viruses.
- Hendra virus (HeV) [ZOON.]
- Nipah virus (NiV) [ZOON.]
Diseases caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza-3 virus.
- Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
- Bovine parainfluenza virus (BPIV) 3
Newcastle disease
- Avian paramyxovirus (APMV) 1/ Newcastle disease virus (NDV)
- Lentogenic strain
- Mesogenic strain
- Velogenic strain
Avian metapneumovirus infections.
- Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) A, B, C, D
- Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT)
- Chicken rhinotracheitis (ART)
- Duck rhinotracheitis
- Swollen head syndrome (SHS)
Diseases caused by Orthobunyaviruses (Zoon.).
- Akabane virus (AKAV) → Akabane disease
- Schmallenberg virus (SBV) → Schmallenberg disease
- Aino virus (AINOV) → Aino disease [ZOON.]
Rift Valley fever and Nairobi sheep disease.
- Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) [ZOON.] [NOTIF.]
- Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDv) [ZOON.]
Vesicular stomatitis, ephemeral fever.
- Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) [ZOON.]
- Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) → Ephemeral fever
Rabies
- Rabies virus (RV)/ Rabies lyssavirus [NOTIF.] [ZOON.]
Borna disease, avian diseases caused by bornaviruses.
- Borna disease virus (BoDV) 1 & 2
- Avian bornavirus (ABV) → Proventricular dilation disease (PDD)
General characteristics and grouping of retroviruses.
- α-retrovirus → “Avian” (birds) - Avian leukosis-sarcoma virus
- β-retrovirus → “BAAH” (sheep) - OPA (Ov. pulm. adenomatosis)
- γ-retrovirus → “Gato” (cat) (Feline leukosis / Feline sarcoma)
- δ-retrovirus → “Dairy” (cattle) (Enzootic bovine leukosis)
- Lentivirus → Maedi-vis.; Eq. infectious anaemia; FIV; BIV; HIV
Generally tumour-causing; RNA viruses
Enzootic bovine leukosis.
- Bovine leukosis virus (BLV)
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis.
“OPA” or “Jaagsiekte”
- Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus (OPAV)
- = Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV)
Feline leucosis and acquired immune deficiency of cats.
- Feline leukosis virus (FeLV) A, B, C & T
- Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) → Feline AIDS
Avian leucosis and reticuloendotheliosis.
- Avian sarcoma leukosis virus (complex) →
- Lymphoid leukosis
- Erythroblastosis
- Myeloblastosis
- Reticuloendotheliosis
- Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) Type A & T
- Chicken syncytial virus
- Duck spleen necrosis virus
Maedi-visna.
- Maedi-Visna virus (MV)
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis.
- Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV)
- Arthritis → Always (more freq.) → Ancient (old)
- Encephalitis → Exceptional (infreq.) → Early (young)
Equine infectious anaemia.
- Equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) [NOTIF.]
Infectious encephalopathies, scrapie, encephalopathy of minks.
PrP [NOTIF.] [ZOON.]
Anthrax (aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, post mortem lesions in different host species).
- Bacillus anthracis
General characteristics of diseases caused by clostridia, grouping of the diseases.
- “Clostridia Enter In Gangs”
- Enteral diseases: Cl. perfringens A → D
- Intoxications: Tetanus & botulism
- Gangrene (gas): Blackleg, bradsot, Köves disease
Malignant oedema.
- C. septicum
- C. novyi A & B
- C. histiolyticum
Blackleg.
- C. chauvoei
Bradsot of sheep and Köves-disease of swine.
-
Clostridium septicum
- Bradsot (braxy)
- Köves disease of swine
Infectious necrotic hepatitis, bacillary haemoglobinuria caused by Clostridium haemolyticum.
- Cl. novyi B → Inf. necrotic hepatitis (black disease)
- Cl. haemolyticum → Bac. haemoglobinuria (red water disease)
Lamb dysentery and struck.
- Cl. perfringens B → Lamb dysentery
- Cl. perfringens C → Struck
Necrotic enteritis of piglets.
- Cl. perfringens C
Enterotoxaemia of sheep and goats.
- Cl. perfringens D
Necrotic enteritis and ulcerative enteritis of chicken.
- Cl. perfringens A & C → Necrotic enteritis
- Cl. colinum → Ulcerative enteritis
Tyzzer disease and gangrenous dermatitis of poultry.
- Cl. piliforme → Tyzzer’s disease
- Gangrenous dermatitis
- Cl. septicum
- Cl. perfringens A
- Staph. aureus
Tetanus.
- Cl. tetani
Botulism.
-
Cl. botulinum
- The bacterium isn’t involved in pathogenesis → ONLY TOXIN
Streptococcosis of swine.
- Pyogenic Streptococcus spp.
- S. suis → Most important
- S. porcinus, dysgalactiae, equi subsp. equisimilis
Strangles.
- Steptococcus equi subsp. equi
Diseases of farm animals caused by staphylococci (rabbit, swine, poultry).
- S. aureus subsp. anaerobius → Morel’s disease
- S. aureus subsp. aureus → Rabbit staphylococcosis (pneumonia)
- S. hycius → Exudative dermatitis of pigs (exfoliative toxin)
-
S. aureus & S. intermedius → Poultry staphylococcosis [makes you “SAD”]
- Septicaemia form
- Arthritis form
- Dermatitis form
Erysipelas (Zoon.).
-
Erysipelathrix rhusiopathiae
- Forms:
- Septicaemia
- Diamond skin disease
- Chronic; = Clotting (emboli) & Cardiac (endocarditis)
- Forms:
Listeriosis (Zoon.).
- Lysteria monocytogenes et ivanovii [ZOON.]
Diseases of farm animals caused by corynebacteria.
-
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis →
- Caseous lymphadenitis of sheep & goat
- Ulcerative lympangitis of horse (enter body by most routes)
- Oedematous skin disease (OSD) of buffalo
- Corynebacterum renale, pilosum et cystitidis → Bovine pyelonephritis
Bovine tuberculosis (aetiology, epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, zoon.).
-
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bovis et caprae
- Spread by humans & badgers
- Primary focus: Lesion at lung & reg. LN → Heal or inactive state
- Early generalisation: Tubercle formation → Death or inactive state
- Post-primary phase: Reinfection/superinfection
- Exhaust phase: Resistance is exhausted, caseous necrosis & death
Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, praeallergy, anergy, parallergy and their diagnosis in practice. Risk of reinfection (Zoon).
- Dx: Tuberculin test/ γ-interferon test/ ELISA for antibodies
- Type IV hypersensitivity
- Praeallergy: Ø Reaction - Old isolated infection
- Anergy: Form of tolerance where there is Ø reaction
- Parallergy: Reaction because of a different Mycobacerium spp.
- Reinfection: Can happen sporadically
Mycobacterium diseases of pigs (Zoon.).
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bovis & caprae
Fowl tuberculosis.
- M. avium subsp. avium
- M. avium subsp. silvaticum → Wild birds
- M. tuberculosis → Caged birds
Paratuberculosis.
AKA Johne’s disease (“yo-nee’s disease”)
- M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis
Actinomycoses, nocardioses.
- Actinomyces bovis → Bo. lumpy jaw
- A. hordeovulneris → Ca
- A. aviscosus → Bo., Ho.
- A. israelii → Ho.
- Nocardia asteroides
Diseases caused by Rhodococcus equi and dermatophilosis.
- Rhodococcus equi → Purulent bronchopneumonia
- Dermatophilus congolensis → Dermatophilosis
General characteristics of diseases caused by Escherichia coli.
- Fimbria: Attachment
- LPS: Endotoxin effect
- Catalase +
- Plasmid: Conjugation of genetic material
- Antigens (“Oliver killed five hamsters”)
- O: Cell wall antigen
- K: Polysaccharides
- F: Adhesin
- H: Flagella
- Strains (NEEEVS)
- Necrotoxigenic
- Enteropathogenic
- Enterotoxigenic
- Enteroinvasive
- Verotoxigenic
- Septicaemic
Diseases of cattle caused by Escherichia coli.
- Septicaemic E. coli → Coli septicaemia of calves
- Enterotoxigenic E. coli → Coli diarrhoea of calves
- Verotoxigenic E. coli → Calf dysentery
Diarrhoeal diseases of swine caused by Escherichia coli.
- Enterotoxigenic E. coli → Coli diarrhoea of newborn piglets
- Enterotoxigenic E. coli → Coli diarrhoea of weaned piglets
Oedema disease of swine.
- Verotoxigenic E. coli strains
Escherichia coli diseases in poultry.
- APEC - Avian pathogenic E. coli
- Remember “Chicken PIE” for the routes of infection
- P: Percutaneous
- I: Inhalation
- E: Embryonic
- Leads to septicaemia
- Cardiopulmonary lesions & fibrinous pericarditis
- Remember “Chicken PIE” for the routes of infection
Salmonella diseases of swine.
- Swine typhoid → S. Typhisuis
- Swine paratyphoid → S. Cholerae, Typhimurium
- Typhlocolitis → S. Typhimurium
Salmonellosis of cattle.
- S. Typhimurium
- S. Dublin
- S. Newport
- S. Enteritidis
- S. Agona
- S. Derby
- S. Abony
Salmonellosis of small ruminants and horses.
- Small Ruminants
- S. Typhimurium & Dublin
- S. Abortusovis
- Horses
- S. Typhimurium & Agona
- S. Abortusequi
Fowl typhoid.
AKA Pullorum disease
- S. Gallinarum & Pullorum
Fowl paratyphoid (Zoon.).
- S. Enteritidis
- S. Typhimurium
Reduction of Salmonella carriage of poultry, salmonella reduction programs, and their control.
- S. Infantis
-
S. Typhimurium & S. Enteritidis →
- Broilers are vaccinated against these for the protection of Humans!
Yersinioses: rodentiosis and diseases caused by Yersinia enterocolitica (Zoon.).
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis → Rodentiosis (pseudotuberculosis)
- Y. enterocolitica → Fibrinous enteritis
Necrobacillosis and panaritium of ruminants.
- Necrobacillosis
- Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. Necrophorum
- Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. Fundiliforme
- Panaritium → Dichelobacter nodosus
Respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle.
- Pasteurella multocida A
- Mannheimia haemolytica A1 & A2
Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle.
- Pasteurella multocida
- Mannheimia haemolytica
Pasteurellosis of sheep and goats.
- Sheep
- Pasteurella multocida A
- Mannheimia haemolytica
- Goat
- Pasteurella multocida
- Mannheimia haemolytica
- Bibersteinia trehalosi
Pasteurellosis of swine and rabbits.
- Swine
- Pasteurella multocida A
- Pasteurella multocida B:2
- Rabbits
- Pasteurella multocida A
Atrophic rhinitis of swine.
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Pasteurella multocida A/D
- Dermonecrotoxin
Fowl cholera.
- Pasteurella multocida A
Anatipestifer disease and disease caused by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale.
- Riemerella anatipestifer → Anatipestifer disease
-
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale →
- Tracheal mucous accumulation
- Air sacculitis
Tularaemia (Zoon.).
- Francisella tularensis [ZOON.]
Actinobacillosis of horses.
- Septicaemia of newborn foals (sleepy foal disease) OR Pyosepticaemia of adult horses
- Actinobacillus equuli subsp. Equuli
- Actinobacillus equuli subsp. Haemolyticus
Actinobacilloses of ruminants.
- Actinobacillus lignieresii → Wooden/Timber tongue
- Actinobacillus seminis → Infertility, orchitis & epididymitis of rams
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia of swine.
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
- Actinobacillus suis
Porcine polyserositis (Glässer’s disease).
- Haemophilus parasuis
Infectious coryza of poultry.
- Avibacterium paragallinarum A, B, C
- Haemophilus paragallinarum A, B, C
Diseases of cattle and sheep caused by Histophilus somni.
- Member of BRDC complex
- Cattle: Resp. signs; Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
- Rams: Orchitis, epididymitis
Contagious equine metritis.
- Taylorella equigenitalis
Diseases caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica, avian bordetellosis, bartonelloses.
-
Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Causes kennel cough alongside: CPIV-2 & CAdV-2
- Causes atrophic rhinitis in swine
- Bordetella avium → Avian rhinotracheitis
- Bartonellosis
- B. henselae: Fe. & Ho.
- B. quintana: Fe., Ca. & Ho.
- B. bovis: Bo.
Infectious keratoconjuctivitis of cattle.
- Moraxella bovis
- Moraxella ovis
General characterisation and epidemiology of brucellae (Zoon.). Swine brucellosis (Zoon.).
- Coccoid rod; Gr -; Köster staining
- Chronic disease
- Females: Abortion; Males: Epididymitis & orchitis
- Most important bacteria:
- Brucella melitensis: Ov., Cap.
- Brucella abortus: Bo.
- Brucella suis: Su.
- Brucella ovis: Ov.
- Brucella canis: Ca.
Bovine brucellosis, eradication, maintenance of brucella free herds (Zoon.).
- Brucella abortus
- Brucella melitensis
- Brucella suis
Disease of sheep caused by Brucella ovis.
-
Brucella ovis →
- Ram → Permanent: Infertility, epididymitis, orchitis
- Ewe → Temporary: Abortion
Brucellosis of sheep and goats caused by Brucella melitensis, canine brucellosis.
- Brucella melitensis [ZOON.] → Abortion storm; orchitis, epididymitis
-
Brucella canis [ZOON.] →
- Females: Abortion, repro. failures, ↓ litters
- Males: Infertility, epididymitis, orchitis; Scrotal dermatitis
Glanders and melioidosis (Zoon.).
- Burkholderia mallei → Glanders (AKA Malleus/Farcy) [NOTIF.][ZOON.]
- Burkholderia pseudomallei → Melioidosis [ZOON.]
Diseases of ruminants caused by campylobacters.
- Bovine genital campylobacteriosis →
- Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis
- Abortion of sheep & goat →
- Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus
- Campylobacter jejuni
Diseases of birds, dogs and cats caused by campylobacters (Zoon.).
Importance in public health
-
Campylobacter jejuni → All animal species
- All species → Diarrhoea in young
- Bo. → Abortion, mastitis
- Av. → Campylobacter hepatitis of poultry
- Campylobacter lari → Av.
Proliferative enteropathies of swine.
- Lawsonia intracellularis**
General characterisation and grouping of spirochaetes, avian borreliosis.
- Spiral morphology; Gr -
- Peptidoglycan cell wall, with periplasmic flagella
- Histology staining with: Silver impregnation
- Important genera:
- Borrelia spp.
- Brachyspira spp.
- Treponema spp.
- Leptospira spp.**
- Borellia anserina → Avian spirochaetosis
Lyme borreliosis (Zoon.) and rabbit syphilis.
- Lyme Borreliosis [ZOON.] → Borellia burgdorferi
- Rabbit syphilis → Treponema paraluiscunniculi
Swine dysentery, intestinal spirochaetosis of swine and birds.
- Swine dysentery → Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
- Intestinal spirochaetosis →
- Swine: Brachyspira pilosicoli
- Birds: Brachyspira alvinipulli
Epidemiology of leptospira infections (Zoon.), leptospirosis of horses and dogs.
- Shedding in urine & semen; Causes abortion
- Can “drill” into the skin; Young animals
- Equine leptospirosis
- Leptospira pomona
- Leptospira grippotyphosa
- Leptospira bratislava
-
Canine leptospirosis
- Leptospira canicola → Old; chronic
- Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae → Young; acute
Leptospira diseases of cattle.
- Leptospira pomona
- Leptospira grippotyphosa
- Leptospira hardjo
Leptospirosis swine.
- Leptospira pomona
- Leptospira tatssovi
General characterisation of mycoplasmas, mycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma bovis.
- Ø Cell wall ∴ Ø Penicillin
- Gram -; Low resistance; Stenoxen
- Affects respiratory or urogenital tract
- Clinical signs: MAKPS (Mastitis, arthritis, keratitis, pneumonia, septicaemia)
-
Mycoplasma bovis
- MAKP S** → Abortion
- BRDC!
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.
-
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides [NOTIF.]
- African variant (more virulent)
- European variant (less virulent)
Mycoplasma diseases of small ruminants.
- M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae → Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
- M. agalactiae → Contagious agalactia of sheep & goat
Mycoplasma diseases of swine
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae → Mycoplasma (enzootic) pneumonia of swine
- Mycoplasma hyorhinis → Polyserositis, arthritis, bacteraemia
- Mycoplasma suis → Arthritis, septicaemia
Chronic respiratory disease of poultry (mycoplasmosis), infectious synovitis.
- Mycoplasma gallisepticum → Chronic resp. disease of poultry
- Mycoplasma synovae → Infectious synovitis
Mycoplasma diseases of turkey.
-
Mycoplasma meleagridis →
- Air sacculitis, turkey syndrome 65, embryo mortality
-
Mycoplasma iowae →
- Intestinal bacterium;
- Chicks: Stunting, poor feathering
- Adult: Bone deformity
Diseases of pigs and sheep caused by haemotropic mycoplasmae.
- Mycoplasma suis → Icteroanemia of swine (eperythrozoonosis)
- Mycoplasma ovis → Eperythrozoonosis of sheep
Diseases of cats and dogs caused by haemotropic mycoplasmae.
- Haemobartonellosis of cat
- Mycoplasma haemofelis
- Mycoplasma haemominutum
- Haemobartonellosis of dog
- Mycoplasma haemocanis
- Mycoplasma haemoparvum
Characterisation of chlamydiae, bovine chlamydioses (Zoon.).
- Contains DNA & RNA; Cell wall; Double membrane
- Ziehl-Neelsen & giemsa stain; Intracellular
- Causes septicaemia
- Bovine chlamydioses
- Chlamydia abortus
- Chlamydia psittaci
- Chlamydia pecorum → CNS, lung, joints, womb (metritis)
Chlamydial diseases of sheep (Zoon.).
AKA Enzootic abortion of sheep
- Chlamydia abortus
- Chlamydia pecorum
Avian chlamydiosis (Zoon.).
- Chlamydia psittaci A→F
Q-fever (Zoon.).
- Coxiella burnetii [NOTIF.]
General characterisation of rickettsiae, heartwater.
- Rickettsiae → Intracellular; Giemsa stain; Obligate cell parasites
-
Heartwater [NOTIF.]
- Ehrlichia ruminantium
Canine ehrlichiosis, disease of horses and cattle caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Potomac horse fever.
- Ehrlichia canis → Canine ehrlichiosis
-
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
- Tick-borne fever of ruminants (pasture fever)
- Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis
- Neorickettsia risticii → Potomac horse fever
Bovine anaplasmosis.
- Anaplasma marginale & centrale (Bo.)
- Anaplasma ovis (Ov.)
DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of cattle
Remember: BOMB PARIS
- BRDC: P. multocida, M. haemolytica, T. pyogenes, M. bovis
- Orthoreoviral pneumoenteritis
- Malignant catarrhal fever
- Bluetongue
- Parainfluenza-3
- Adenoviral pneumoenteritis
- Rinderpest
- Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- Syncytial virus infection
DDx of infectious enteric diseases of cattle
Remember: CRAB & SWAN CRAP
- Coli diarrhoea
- Rotaviral enteritis
- Adenoviral pneumoenteritis
- BVD/ Mucosal disease (MD)
- Salmonellosis
- Winter dysentery/bovine coronaviral enteritis
- Actinobacillosis
- Necrobacillosis
- Clostridium
- Reoviral enteritis
- Actinomycosis
- Paratuberculosis
DDx of infectious abortions of cattle
Think about MICHAL’s BBC
- Malignant catarrhal fever
- IBR
- Chlamydiosis
- Histophilus
- Akabane disease
- Lumpy skin disease
- BVD/MD
- Brucellosis
- Campylobacter
DDx of bovine diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
Remember: B BIRCH
- BVD
- BSE
- Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
- Rabies
- Chlamydiosis
- Histophilus
DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of swine
Remember: PAPPA PIGS
- PRDC
- Atrophic rhinitis
- PRRS
- PMWS
- Actinobacillosis
- Pseudorabies
- Influenza
- Glässers
- Swine fever
+ Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, hyorhinitis & hyosynoviae
DDx of infectious enteric diseases of swine
Swine enteric diseases are CRYPTIC & SEPTIC
- Cl. difficile
- Rotaviruses*
- Yersiniosis
- Proliferative enteropathy
- TGE*
- Intestinal spirochaetosis
- Cl. perfringens C
- Swine dysentery
- Epidemic diarrhoea*
- Porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis
- Typhoid
- Intestinal salmonellosis
- Coli enteritis
*Rota- & Coronavirus are most common
DDx of infectious abortions of swine
Remember: CRAB PIE
- Circovirus-2
- Reproductive & respiratory syndrome
- Aujeszky’s (pseudorabies)
- Brucellosis
- Parvovirus-1 (SMEDI)
- Influenza
- Erysipelas
DDx of porcine diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
Doctor’s prescriptions have a GP STAMP
- Glässers
- Pseudorabies/Rabies
- Streptococcus suis
- Teschen-Talfan
- ASF/CSF
- Mycoplasma hyorhinitis & hyosynoviae
- Porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis
DDx of infectious abortions of horses
Horses behave like CELEBS
- Chlamydiosis
- Equine herpesvirus-1*
- Leptospirosis
- Equine infectious arteritis
- Brucella abortus
- Salmonellosis
Contagious equine metritis
DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of horses
Remember: REHEARSE your GERMs
- Reovirus
- Equine influenza*
- Hendra virus
- Equine rhinitis virus*
- Adenovirus
- Rhinovirus*
- Strep. equi subsp. zooepidemicus
- Equine herpesvirus-1 & -4
- Glanders
- Equine infectious arteritis
- Rhodococcus equi*
- Melioidosis
DDx of equine diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
CNS-affected horses become a hideous WRETCH
- WNV
- Rabies
- Equine encephalitis viruses
- Tick-borne encephalitis
- Clostridium tetani & botulinum
- Herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalitis
Borna disease (sad horse disease)
DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of sheep and goats
Remember: COMPACT MOB
- Contagious goat pleuropneumonia
- Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis (Jaagsiekte)
- Maedi-visna
- Parainfluenza-3
- Adenovirus (pneumoenteritis)
- Chlamydiosis
- TB
- Mycoplasmosis
- Orthoreovirus (pneumoenteritis)
- Bluetongue
DDx of ovine and caprine diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
Remember: CCTV BRAWLS
- Cl. tetani & botulinum
- Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
- Tick-borne encephalitis
- Visna
- Border disease
- Rabies
- Aujeszky’s
- WNV
- Listeriosis
- Scrapie
DDx of infectious abortions of sheep and goats
Remember: BBC BELLS
- Bluetongue
- Brucellosis
- Coxiella burnettii (Q-fever)
- Border disease
- E. coli
- Leptospirosis
- Listeriosis
- Schmallenberg virus
+ Chlamydiosis; + Campylobacter; + Salmonella
DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of poultry
Remember: SPECIFICATION
- Swollen head syndrome (Avian metapneumovirus)
- Poxvirus
- E. coli
- Chlamydiosis
- ILT
- Fowl cholera
- IB
- Coryza
- Anatipestifer
- Tuberculosis
- Influenza
- Ornithobacterium
- Newcastle disease
+ Bordetella; +Mycoplasmosis
DDx of infectious enteric diseases of poultry
Remember: PAINTED DUNG
- Paratyphoid
- Anatipestifer
- Influenza
- Newcastle disease
- Typhoid
- E. coli
- Derzsy’s disease
- Duck viral enteritis (duck plague)
- Ulcerative enteritis
- Necrotic enteritis
- Gumboro (IBDV)
DDx of poultry diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
Remember: DISBAND
- Derzsy’s
- Influenza
- Salmonellosis
- Botulism
- Anatipestifer
- Newcastle disease
- Duck viral enteritis (duck plague)
+ Avian encephalomyelitis; + Epidemic tremor; + Chlamydiosis; +Fowl cholera
DDx of infectious diseases of poultry in the first 10 days of life
Chicks <10 days old have little TAPPERS for feet
- Typhoid
- Avian encephalomyelitis, epidemic tremor
- Paratyphoid
- Poult enteritis-mortality syndrome (PEMS)
- E. coli
- Runting-stunting syndrome
- Staphylococcus spp.
DDx of infectious respiratory diseases of dogs
Remember: THICK PANDA
- Tuberculosis
- Herpesvirus
- Influenza
- Coronavirus
- Kennel cough
- Parainfluenzavirus-2
- Adenovirus-1 & -2
- Nocardiosis (thoracic form)
- Distemper
- Actinomycosis (thoracic form)
DDx of infectious enteric diseases of dogs
Remember: SCRAP-HEAP
- Salmonella
- Coronavirus
- Rotavirus
- Aujeszky’s
- Parvovirus-1&-2
- Herpesvirus
- E. coli
- Adenovirus-1
- Parainfluenza
+ Distemper; + Campylobacter; + Cl. perfringens & difficile
DDx of canine infectious diseases with clinical signs of the central nervous system
Remember: ARCADE
- Adenovirus-1
- Rabies
- Cl. tetani & botulinum
- Aujeszky’s
- Distemper
- Ehrlichiosis
+ Parvovirus-1
DDx of feline infectious generalised diseases
- Calicivirus
- Panleukopenia
- FIP
- FeLV (feline leukemia virus)
- FIV