43. Foot and mouth disease (diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prevention, control).

Question 1

Foot & Mouth Disease: Sampling for Dx

Answer 1

1. 1g of vesicular wall & fluid, oropharyngeal fluid & saliva
2. Into a buffered transport medium
3. Refrigerated/iced
4. Submit sample ASAP

Question 2

Foot & Mouth Disease: Dx

Answer 2

• Virus isolation on cell culture
• Nucleic acid detection: RT-PCR; qRT-PCR & sequencing
• Antibody detection: VN; ELISA
• Antigen detection: ELISA; Complement fixation

Question 3

Foot & Mouth Disease: DDx (Bo.)

Answer 3

• Poxvirus
• BVD
• IBR
• Bluetongue
• Malignant catarrhal fever

Question 4

Foot & Mouth Disease: DDx (Ov./Cap.)

Answer 4

• Ovine parapox
• Capripox
• Bluetongue

Question 5

Foot & Mouth Disease: DDx (Sus.)

Answer 5

• Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD)
• Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES)
• Vesicular stomatitis

Question 6

Foot & Mouth Disease: Tx

Answer 6

• Europe: FMD free → Ø Vaccine
• Endemic regions:
  
  • Hyperimmune serum
  • Clean environment
  • Soft litter & feed
  • Gentle milking
  • Treatment of lesions

Question 7

Foot & Mouth Disease: Prevention

Answer 7

• FMD-free regions: Control measures, movement restriction, protection zones, surveillance zones
• Endemic regions: Movement restriction & Vaccination
• Ban on all live animals & raw products from infective countries

Question 8

Foot & Mouth Disease: Vaccinations

Answer 8

Even if an animal is vaccinated → Infection possible (only protected from CSx)

• Bo.: Inactivated vaccine; protection for 6-12 months
• Sus.: Inactivated vaccine; protection for 3-6 months

Question 9

Foot & Mouth Disease: Humans

Answer 9

• Moderately susceptible (rare)
• CSx: Fever, vesicles at nails & oral mucosa (benign)
• Prevention: PPE & pasteurisation of milk