47. Diseases caused by astroviruses. Flashcards

1
Q

Astroviruses: Summary of the family

A

Astroviridae family

  • Mamastrovirus genus
  • Avastrovirus genus

Ø Envelope; ssRNA

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2
Q

Diseases caused by Astroviruses: Notable diseases

A
  1. Avian Nephritis
  2. Duck Hepatitis
  3. Astrovirus disease of Turkey
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3
Q

Astrovirus: Mamastrovirus - Summary

A
  • Human; Swine; Cattle; Cat
  • Gastroenteritis
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4
Q

Astrovirus: Avastrovirus - Summary

A
  • Chicken astrovirus: Avian nephritis 1
  • Duck Astrovirus
  • Turkey Astrovirus
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5
Q

Astrovirus: Avian nephritis - Occurance

A

Japan; USA; Europe; N. Zealand

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6
Q

Astrovirus: Avian nephritis - Transmission

A

Faeces

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7
Q

Astrovirus: Avian nephritis - Epidemiology

A
  • Only chickens are susceptible
  • Infection can occur in all ages
  • Mortality: 1-10% in the first week
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8
Q

Astrovirus: Avian nephritis - Pathogenesis

A

PO infection → Replicate in gut epithelium → Viraemia →

  • Kidney: Epithelial cells of proximal tubules
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9
Q

Astrovirus: Avian Nephritis - CSx

A

Seen in the first 4 weeks of life (more severe in young)

  • Acute: Non-specific; General CSx; Diarrhoea; ↓ Weight gain
  • Death
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10
Q

Astrovirus: Avian Nephritis - Pathology

A
  • Enteritis
  • Nephrosis; Interstitial nephritis
  • Chronic: Visceral urate deposition
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11
Q

Astrovirus: Avian Nephritis - Dx

A

Epidemiology; CSx; Pathology; Histology

  • Direct: RT-PCR; IF; IHC; Isolation
  • Indirect: ELISA; VN; IF
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12
Q

Astrovirus: Avian Nephritis - DDx

A

Nephropathogenic strains of infectious bronchitis

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13
Q

Astrovirus: Avian Nephritis - Prevention

A
  • Epidemiological measures
  • Ø Vaccine available
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14
Q

Astrovirus: Duck Hepatitis - CSx

A

Same as DVH caused by Picornavirus

Seen in young duckings

  • Peracute: Large-scale death within hours
  • Acute: Depression; Lethargy; Ataxia; Spasmodic padding; Death
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15
Q

Astrovirus: Duck Hepatitis - Pathology

A

Same as DVH caused by Picornavirus

  • Liver: Enlarged; Yellow; Dystrophy; Necrosis; Haemorrhage
  • Spleen: Enlarged; Mottled
  • Kidney: Swollen; Plethoric; Nephrosis
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16
Q

Astrovirus: Duck Hepatitis - Dx

A

Same as DVH caused by Picornavirus

  • Epidemiology; CSx; Pathology; Histopathology
  • Direct: PCR; IF; Isolation
  • Indirect: VN; ELISA
17
Q

Astrovirus: Duck Hepatitis - Prevention

A

Same as DVH caused by Picornavirus

  • Epidemiological measures → Isolation at 4 weeks old
  • Vaccine:
    • Inactivated: Layers → Booster
    • Attenuated:
      • Layers & Day-old ducklings
      • 7 Weeks old; 2-3 weeks before laying
    • Attenuated + Inactivated vaccination
18
Q

Astrovirus Disease of Turkey: Summary

  • CSx
  • Prevention
A
  • Two Serotypes; Widespread
  • CSx: Diarrhoea in 1-5 week-old animals
  • Prevention: Epidemiological measures
19
Q

Astrovirus Disease of Turkey: Dx

A

Same as Avian Nephritis

Epidemiology; CSx; Pathology; Histology

  • Direct: RT-PCR; IF; IHC; Isolation
  • Indirect: ELISA; VN; IF