Enzymology

Question 1

What is catabolism?

Answer 1

Large molecules broken down in smaller ones
releasing energy

Question 2

What is Anabolism?

Answer 2

Small molecules being assembled into larger ones
Using energy

Question 3

What do cells need to carry out metabolic reactions?

Answer 3

supply of oxygen and nutrients

Question 4

Where is oxygen absorbed into?

Answer 4

Lungs

Question 5

Where are nutrients and other materials obtained?

Answer 5

Digestive tract

Question 6

what does primary structure consist of?

Answer 6

Amino acids and peptide bond

Question 7

Why does secondary structure fold?

Answer 7

Hydrogen bonds

Question 8

Why does a tertiary structure have secondary folding?

Answer 8

Interaction within the polypeptide and it’s immediate environment

Question 9

What is a quaternary structure

Answer 9

Relationships between individual subunits

Question 10

In enzyme- catalysed biochemical reactions, what molecule is being acted upon?

Answer 10

substrate

Question 11

In enzyme- catalysed biochemical reactions, what molecule is formed

Answer 11

product

Question 12

What molecule supports enzymes when they are unable to act of their own?

Answer 12

Co-factors

Question 13

What does a cell have many thousands of?

Answer 13

enzymes

Question 14

What can enzymes do?

Answer 14

Be manufactured by it’s cell when required
Be regulated- switched on and off
Speed up reactions

Question 15

What does activation energy do?

Answer 15

Makes conditions favourable for the reaction to occur

Question 16

Are enzymes able to lower their activation energy?

Answer 16

yes, if conditions are favourable

Question 17

What are the two types of enzyme substrate complex?

Answer 17

Lock and key model
Induced fit model

Question 18

What factors affect enzyme activity?

Answer 18

Substrate concentration
temperature
pH
Enzyme molecule concentration

Question 19

What is the effect of a low substate concentration

Answer 19

Collisions are infrequent and products made slowely

Question 20

What is the effect of a medium substrate concentration?

Answer 20

Increase collisions
reaction rate will increase proportionately

Question 21

What is the effect high substrate concentration

Answer 21

enzymes working at maximum capacity
further increases will have no effect
enzyme is saturated

Question 22

What happens to enzymes when the temperature increases too much?

Answer 22

enzyme will denature

Question 23

What effect does altering pH have?

Answer 23

Affect charges of amino acids
affects critical 3D structure
affects activity of molecules within the active site

Question 24

What is a non-competitive inhibitor?

Answer 24

an inhibitor that targets the enzyme at other points, rather than the active site

Question 25

What occurs briefly when an enzyme binds with their substrate?

Answer 25

become susceptible to inhibition

Question 26

Why do inhibitors bind reversibly to the active site?

Answer 26

to reduce access of the substrate to the enzyme

Question 27

What is one type of inhibitor?

Answer 27

Cyanide

Question 28

What are the symptoms of cyanide poisoning?

Answer 28

Stomach cramps
Headache
nausea and vomiting
Cardiac arrest
Respiratory failure
Coma
death

Question 29

What are the different types of enzymes?

Answer 29

Lactase
Sucrase
Maltase
Glucoamylase
Protease
Lipase
Cellulase

Question 30

What does the enzyme lactase do?

Answer 30

Break down lactose (milk sugars)

Question 31

What does the enzyme sucrase do?

Answer 31

digest complex sugars and starches

Question 32

what does the enzyme maltase do?

Answer 32

Digest disaccharides to monosaccharides (malt sugars)

Question 33

What does the enzyme glucoamylase do?

Answer 33

Break down starch to glucose

Question 34

What does the enzyme protease do?

Answer 34

Break down proteins found in meats, nuts, eggs and cheese

Question 35

What does the enzyme lipase do?

Answer 35

Breaks down fats found in most dairy products, nuts oils and meat

Question 36

What does the enzyme cellulase do?

Answer 36

Breaks down cellulose, plant fibre (not found in humans)