Enzymes (Basics)

Question 1

what are enzymes and what do they do?

Answer 1

1. protein catalyst

2. Increase the rate of product productio

Question 2

What are the classes of enzymes? (6)

Answer 2

1. oxioreductases
2. transferases
3. hydrolases
4. lyases
5. isomerases
6. ligases

Question 3

Oxioreductases

Answer 3

transfer electrons between molecules (i.e. oxidation reduction reaction

Question 4

transferases

Answer 4

transfers functional groups between (i.e. amino transferases)

Question 5

Hydrolases

Answer 5

cleaves molecules by addition of H2O (i.e. trypsin)

Question 6

Lyases

Answer 6

adds atoms/functional groups to a double bond or removes

atoms/functional groups to form double bonds (i.e. fumarase)

Question 7

Isomerases

Answer 7

Moves functional groups within a molecule. (e.g., triose phosphate isomerase)

Question 8

Ligases

Answer 8

Joins two molecules together at the expense of ATP hydrolysis (e.g., DNA ligase)

Question 9

What is a cofactor?

Answer 9

a substance (other than the substrate) whose presence is essential for the activity of an enzyme.

Question 10

What are two types of cofactors?

Answer 10

1. coenzymes

2. metal ion cofactor

Question 11

What are coenzymes?

Answer 11

Small organic cofactor molecules

Question 12

What are 5 types of coenzymes?

Answer 12

1. Thiamine Pyrophosphate
2. Flavin adenine nucleotide (FMN, FAD)
3. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
4. Coenzyme A (CoA)
5. Biotin

Question 13

What are two types of metal ion cofactors?

Answer 13

1. Zn2+

2. Mg2+

Question 14

Apoenzyme

Answer 14

Enzyme without a cofactor

Question 15

Holoenzyme

Answer 15

Enzyme with a cofactor