Amino Acids

Question 1

Functions of amino acids

Answer 1

1. Building blocks of proteins
2. Signaling (i.e. neurotransmitters)
3. Precursors for other biomolecules

Question 2

Parts of an amino acids

Answer 2

1. alpha carbon (chiral; exists at D and L isomers; L is more common)
2. carboxylic acids
3. amino group
4. R group (side chain)

Question 3

Zwitterion

Answer 3

a molecule/ion with separate positively and negatively charged groups.

Question 4

Dipolar Ion

Answer 4

Zwitterion – simple amino acids exist at zwitterions at physiological pH

Question 5

How any different amino acids are found in proteins?

Answer 5

20

Question 6

What are groupings of amino acids based on?

Answer 6

Side chains (R-Groups) properties

Question 7

Side chain groupings

Answer 7

1. Hydrophobic (non-polar)
2. Negatively charged at physiological pH
3. Positively charged at physiological pH
4. Polar, neutral (overall) but charge is not evenly distributed

Question 8

Hydrophobic/Non-Polar Amino Acid (9)

Answer 8

G (chiral)
A
V
L
I ("isomer" of isoleucine)
M (think thiol)
P (R group forms ring with amine)
F
W

Question 9

Negatively charged Amino Acids at physiological pH

Answer 9

D
E
These amino acids have carboxylates in their side chains

Question 10

Positively charged Amino Acids at physiological pH

Answer 10

K
R (Guanidinium)
H (Imidazole/imidazolium)
These amino acids have amine groups in their side chains.

Question 11

Polar, neutral (overall) but charge is not evenly distributed

Answer 11

S (OH)
T (OH)
Y (OH)
C (SH, sulfhydryl group connects amino acids, Disulfide bridges)
N
Q

Question 12

What are Non-essential amino acids?

Answer 12

amino acids that we synthesize ourselves

Question 13

Non-essential amino acids

Answer 13

Spy Danger qc

Arganine is a semi-essential amino acid

Question 14

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 14

Amino acids we need in our diet (we don’t synthesize)

most plants do not have essential amino acids

Question 15

essential amino acids

Answer 15

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Question 16

Ionizable parts of amino acids

Answer 16

1. Terminal alpha carboxyl group
2. Terminal alpha amino group
3. Dr. cheky

Question 17

Is arginine an essential or non-essential AA?

Answer 17

Semi-essential