Cell and Cell Organelles Flashcards
What are the two kinds of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What are two things Prokaryotes lack and one thing they possess?
Lack distinct organelles (specialized membrane bound structures that perform a cellular function)
Lack distinct nucleus
Possess cell wall
What do prokaryotes possess?
Distinct Organelles
Distinct Nucleus
Cell Wall
What are three major components of eukaryotic cells?
- Plasma Membrane and cell wall (consists of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins)
- Organelles
- Cytoskeleton (microtubules and microfiments)
What are all the organelles within and eukaryotic cell? (8)
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts (plants and animals except chloroplasts)
- Plant Vacuoles (plants only)
- Endosomes
- Lysosomes
- Endoplasmic reticulum (rough(ribosomes)/smooth(no ribosomes))
- Golgi complex (apparatus)
- Secretory Vesicles
Nucleus
Houses all genomic DNA
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
source of energy production
Plant Vacuoles
stores water, ions, and nutrients
Endosomes
Vesicles within the cell formed by endocytosis (the transport of solid matter or liquid into a cell by means of a coated vacuole or vesicle)
Lysosomes
vesicles with enzymes, fuses with endosomes
What are the three responsibilities of the endoplasic reticulum?
- Processing of Endosomes
- Protein Synthesis, folding, and Sorting
- Production of transport Vesicles
What are the two functions of the golgi complex?
- Protein Modifications (attach carbs to modify proteins)
2. Sorting Proteins/Transport Vesicles
What is the purpose of transport vesicles?
Exocytosis: fusion with the plasma membrane to release contents into extracellular environment.
What is the “central dogma” of biology?
Replication, Transcription, and Translation
Replication
“copying DNA;” DNA synthesis using DNA as a template
