Enzymes and Digestion

Question 1

What do digestive enzymes do?

Answer 1

Break down big molecules into smaller soluble ones.

Question 2

Which 4 particular types of food molecule are too big to pass through the walls of the digestive system?

Answer 2

1. Starch
2. Proteins
3. Fats
   (4 Glycerol)

Question 3

Which 3 particular food molecules are small enough to easily pass through the walls of the digestive system?

Answer 3

1. Sugars
2. Amino acids
3. Fatty acids

Question 4

Contextually, what breaks down the larger molecules into smaller ones?

Answer 4

Digestive enzymes?

Question 5

What does amylase do?

Answer 5

Amylase converts starch into sugars.

Question 6

Which enzyme converts starch into sugar?

Answer 6

Amylase.

Question 7

Which 3 places is amylase made in?

Answer 7

1. Salivary glands
2. Pancreas
3. Small intestine

Question 8

What does protease do?

Answer 8

Protease converts proteins into amino acids.

Question 9

Which enzyme converts proteins into amino acids?

Answer 9

Protease.

Question 10

Which 3 places is protease made in?

Answer 10

1. Stomach
2. Pancreas
3. Small intestine

Question 11

What does lipase do?

Answer 11

Lipase converts glycerol into fatty acids.

Question 12

Which enzyme converts glycerol into fatty acids?

Answer 12

Lipase.

Question 13

Which 2 places is lipase made in?

Answer 13

1. Pancreas

2. Small intestine

Question 14

Which 2 places are all the enzymes (amylase, protease, and lipase) made in?

Answer 14

1. Pancreas

2. Small intestine

Question 15

What does bile do?

Answer 15

Bile neutralises the stomach acid and emulsifies fats.

Question 16

Where is bile produced?

Answer 16

Bile is produced in the liver. (think alcohol)

Question 17

Where is bile stored?

Answer 17

Bile is stored in the pancreas. (think all the enzymes)

Question 18

Where is bile released into?

Answer 18

Bile is released into the small intestine. (again, think all the enzymes)

Question 19

Which is bigger:

Glycerol or fatty acids?
Sugar or starch?
Amino acids or proteins?

Answer 19

Glycerol > fatty acids
Starch > sugar
Proteins > amino acids

Question 20

Why is bile released into the small intestine?

Answer 20

Because the hydrochloric acid in the stomach is too acidic for enzymes to work properly, so cannot come in to eh small intestine where they do their jobs.

Question 21

Why is bile great for small intestine enzymes?

Answer 21

Because its alkaline pH neutralises the stomch acid in the intestine and makes the conditions alkaline, which the pH enzymes work best in.

Question 22

Which pH do small intestine enzymes work best in?

Answer 22

Small intestine enzymes work best in alkaline conditions.

Question 23

Why does the ability of bile to emulsifying fats help with digestion?

Answer 23

By emulsifying the fat the bile is giving it a much larger surface area for the lipase to cover the fat, meaning it can break it down quicker.

Question 24

What do enzymes do to the break down of food?

Answer 24

They catalyse the break down of food.

Question 25

In broad terms, where are enzymes produced, and by what?

Answer 25

Enzymes are produced by specialist cells in the gut lining of the small intestine, or in glands.

Question 26

Which 2 things does the large intestine do? (mainly one)

Answer 26

1. The large intestine absorbs excess water from the food

2. provides a passage to the rectum to get rid of the food.

Question 27

Which 3 things does the stomach do in digestion?

Answer 27

1. The stomach pummels the food with its muscular walls
2. It produces the protease enzyme pepsin
3. It produces hydrochloric acid

Question 28

Which 2 things does hydrochloric acid do for digestion?

Answer 28

1. Hydrochloric acid kills bacteria in the stomach

2. Hydrochloric acid for the protease enzyme to work (pH 2- acidic)

Question 29

What part does the rectum have to play in the digestive system?

Answer 29

The rectum stores the faeces (made up mostly of indigestible food) until they are expelled through the anus.

Question 30

What does the small intestines do in the digestive system besides producing enzymes?

Answer 30

The small intestine absorbs digested food into the blood.