Enzymes

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

Chemical reactions of life; form/break bonds of macromolecules

Question 2

Anabolic reactions

Answer 2

Synthesis of larger molecules

Question 3

Catabolic reactions

Answer 3

Breakdown of larger molecules

Question 4

Exergonic

Answer 4

Chemical reaction where energy is released; digestion

Question 5

Endergonic

Answer 5

Chemical reaction where energy is required; synthesis

Question 6

Where does energy come from for organisms to live?

Answer 6

Coupling exergonic and endergonic reactions

Question 7

Activation energy

Answer 7

the initial input of energy to break down large molecules

Question 8

Catalysts

Answer 8

Help reduce the activation energy with the help of enzymes

Question 9

What are biological catalysts?

Answer 9

They facilitate chemical reactions by reducing activation energy, increasing the rate of reaction, and not changing free energy; proteins/RNA

Question 10

Active site

Answer 10

enzyme catalytic site; substrate fits into the active site

Question 11

What are the properties of Enzymes?

Answer 11

reaction specific, not consumed in reactions, and affected by cellular conditions

Question 12

Factors that affect enzymes are?

Answer 12

pH, salinity, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, activators, inhibitors,

Question 13

Enzyme concentration

Answer 13

if there are more enzymes then they will collide with the substrate more frequently

Question 14

Substrate concentration

Answer 14

more substrate means they will collide with the enzyme more frequently

Question 15

Denatuarization

Answer 15

the protein loses its 3D shape from high temperature

Question 16

Effects of salt concentration on enzymes

Answer 16

Add or removes cation and anions and disrupt the 3d shape.

Question 17

Cofactors

Answer 17

non-protein, small inorganic compounds and ion that bind within enzyme molecule: Mg K Ca

Question 18

Coenzyme

Answer 18

non-protein organic molecules that bind temporarily with enzyme

Question 19

What are the compounds that help enzymes?

Answer 19

Activators

Question 20

What are the compounds that regulate enzymes?

Answer 20

Inhibitors

Question 21

Competitive inhibitor

Answer 21

The inhibitor and substrate compete for the active site penicillin

Question 22

non-competitive inhibitor

Answer 22

Binds to the allosteric site other than the active site and changes the shape of the enzyme with allosteric inhibitors

Question 23

Irreversible inhibitor

Answer 23

Permanently bonds to the enzyme

Question 24

Allosteric regulation

Answer 24

inhibitors keep the enzyme in an inactive form and the activators keep it in an active form

Question 25

Metabolic pathways

Answer 25

chemical reactions of life are organized into steps.

Question 26

Efficiency

Answer 26

link endergonic and exergonic reactions together

Question 27

Feedback inhibition

Answer 27

the regulation and coordination of production

Question 28

Substrate

Answer 28

A reactant that binds with an enzyme