Chemistry of Life

Question 1

What are the four elements required for life?

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen

Question 2

hydrogen bonds

Answer 2

a weak bond between positive and negative atoms

Question 3

covalent bonds

Answer 3

a strong bond that forms molecules

Question 4

hydrophobic

Answer 4

substances are not attracted to water and are nonpolar

Question 5

hydrophilic

Answer 5

substances are attracted to water and are polar

Question 6

nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 6

pair of electrons shared equally by 2 atoms

Question 7

polar covalent bond

Answer 7

pair of electrons shared unequally between 2 atoms

Question 8

Cohesion

Answer 8

hydrogen bonding between h20 molecules; water is sticky

Question 9

Adhesion

Answer 9

Hydrogen bonding between h20 and other substances; water climbs

Question 10

What are the properties of water?

Answer 10

surface tension, capillary reaction, good solvent, high specific heat, heat/cools slowly,

Question 11

hydrocarbons

Answer 11

combination of C & H, nonpolar and hydrophobic

Question 12

isomers

Answer 12

molecules with the same formula but different structure

Question 13

What are the functional groups?

Answer 13

hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, phosphate, amino, and sulfhydryl

Question 14

Macromolecules

Answer 14

small organic molecules joined together to make larger molecules

Question 15

What are the 4 macromolecules

Answer 15

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 16

Polymers

Answer 16

Long molecules made up of monomers

Question 17

Digestion

Answer 17

The breakdown of polymers to monomers with the help of h20

Question 18

What are lipids composed of?

Answer 18

C, H, O, long hydrocarbon chains

Question 19

What are fats structure?

Answer 19

glycerol & fatty acid

Question 20

Long H-C chain function

Answer 20

stores energy cushions organs, and insulates body

Question 21

Saturated fats

Answer 21

no C=C bonds, long straight chain, solid at room temp, mostly animal fats

Question 22

unsaturated fats

Answer 22

C=C double bonds, liquid at room temp, plants/fish fats,

Question 23

Functions of proteins

Answer 23

enzymes, carriers/transporters, defense, movement, storage

Question 24

Monomer of proteins

Answer 24

amino acids

Question 25

Polymer of proteins

Answer 25

polypeptide

Question 26

Structure of amino acids

Answer 26

central carbon, amino group, carboxyl, R group

Question 27

Primary structure

Answer 27

order of amino acids in a chain

Question 28

Secondary structure

Answer 28

folding; forms sections of the 3D structure

Question 29

Tertiary structure

Answer 29

entire molecule folding

Question 30

Quaternary structure

Answer 30

More than one polypeptide chain bonded together

Question 31

Protein denaturation

Answer 31

temperature, pH levels, salinity can destroy function and alter the structure

Question 32

Nucleic Acid functions

Answer 32

stores genetic material, a blueprint for building DNA, transfer information.

Question 33

The monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 33

nucleotides

Question 34

What are the 3 parts of nucleotides?

Answer 34

nitrogen base, a pentose sugar, a phosphate group

Question 35

What are the 2 types of nucleotides?

Answer 35

pyramidines nad purines

Question 36

Purines

Answer 36

double ring Adenine Guanine

Question 37

Pyrimidines

Answer 37

single ring Thymine cytosine uracil

Question 38

Carbohydrates monomer

Answer 38

monosaccharides

Question 39

What are the elements in proteins?

Answer 39

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 40

What are the elements in carbohydrates?

Answer 40

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen