Enzymes Flashcards
Protein molecules are made up of long chains of what?
Amino Acids
What are the four things enzymes act as
Structural components such as muscles, Hormones, Antibodies, Catalysts
What is a catalyst
Something that increases the rate of a chemical reaction
What is a biological catalyst
An enzyme
What is an enzyme
A biological catalyst
How does the shape of an enzyme change
High temperatures
Do different enzymes work best at the same pH level or different pH levels
different pH levels
Where are the digestive enzymes produced and what by
By specialised cells in glands and in the lining of the gut
Describe how digestive enzymes get to food and how they affect digestion
They pass out of the cells into the gut, where they come into contact with food molecules where they catalyse the breakdown of large molecules into small ones
Where is amylase is produced
The salivary gland, Pancreas and small intestine
What does amylase breakdown and where
Starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine
Where is protease produced
By the the stomach, pancreas and small intestine
What does protease breakdown and where
Proteins into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine
Where is lipase produced
In the pancreas and small intestine
What does lipase breakdown and where
Lipids (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine
Where is bile made
Liver
What ph is bile
alkali
What conditions does the small intestine work best in
alkali
What do we use to collect enzymes in bacteria
Fermentor
What enzymes are used in biological detergents
Protease
Lipase
what temperatures do the enzymes work best at
35
If the temperatures are too high, what happens to an enzyme
it denatures
What enzyme is used in baby food
protease
what is sugar syrup made from
Broke down starch
What enzymes are used to make sugar syrup
Carbohydrase
What is fructose syrup made from
Glucose syrup
What enzyme is used to make fructose syrup
Isomerase
What gives fructose an edge over sugar syrup
It is more sweeter so can be used in slimming products
What are the advantages of enzymes in industry ( 2 )
1/ Work well at low temperatures and pressure so less energy is need
2/ Can be reused
What are the disadvantages of enzymes in industry
1/ Costly process
2/ If temperature goes too high, enzymes become denature and useless
