Acids, bases and salts Flashcards
When an acid and a base is reacted what type of reaction is present
Neutralisation - exothermic
What are 3 acids
Nitric, hydrochloric and sulfuric acids
All of what type of compounds are bases
metal hydroxides & metal oxides
Give an example of a metal oxide
Iron oxide
What is a base that dissolved in water called
an alkali
How can you see if a substance is an acid or alkali
pH scale and having a universal indicator
What number is neutral on the pH scale
7
The lower the pH, the
the more acidic the substance is
The higher the pH, the
the more alkali the substance is
what is the highest value
13
What ions are in acidic substances
hydrogen ions
What ions are in alkali substances
hydroxide ions
Hydrogen ions have what charge and what state of matter is it
positive, aqueous
Hydroxide ions have what charge and what state of matter is it
negative, aqueous
What do the ions in acids and alkalies join to form, and what and state of matter is it
H20 (water), liquid
What are the 3 ways of making soluble salts
1/ acid + metal –> salt + hydrogen
2/ acid + insoluble base –> salt + water
3/ acid + alkali —> salt + water
What is the first step to making a soluble salt via acid + insoluble base
1/ putting the base in acid until it stops reacting
What is the second step to making an soluble via acid + insoluble base
2/ Filtering the solution using filter paper
What is the third step to making a soluble salt via acid + insoluble base
Making the salt in crystals by adding the solution to an evaporating dish, turn on and evaporate some of the copper sulphate and leave it for some time leaving crystals
What is the first step to making a soluble salt via acid + alkali —> salt + water
add acid to alkali with UI until it goes green, measuring amount of acid used
What is the second step to making a soluble salt via acid + alkali —> salt + water
Making the salt in crystals by adding the solution to an evaporating dish, turn on and evaporate some of the copper sulphate and leave it for some time
Hydrochloric acid makes
Chlorides
Sulfuric acid makes
Sulphates
Nitric acid makes
Nitrates
What is a precipitate
when a solid substance is formed by two liquids
What is the first step to making an insoluble salt
Mixing two solutions
What is the second step to making an insoluble salt
Filter the precipitate and dry
What is effluent
waste produced by factories with poisonous ions
What is meant by (aq)
aqueous (dissolved in water, or in solution)
