Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

Alkaline Phosphates

A

Removes or hydrolyses phosphate groups. Often use in lab experiments to cleave phosphates and produce a colour change.

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2
Q

Definitions

A

Abzyme - an antibody with catalytic activity

Isoenzyme - two or more enzymes with different amino acid structure that catalyse the same reaction

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3
Q

Proteolytic enzymes

A
  • Papain - generalist enzyme - from papaya plants and used in the meat tenderising industry
  • Trypsin - specific -peptide bond cleavage - only on the carboxyl side of lysine and arginine residues

-Thrombin - blood clotting - catalyses the breaking of arginine/glycine bonds but only within particular peptide sequences

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4
Q

What is an enzyme ?

A

An enzyme is a protein that catalyses a specific chemical reaction in a living organism

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5
Q

What is chymotrypsin ?

A
  • made in the pancreas and works in the small intestine to specifically break down dietary proteins
  • the cleft in the enzyme contains the active site near. the side chains of three residues
  • chymotrypsin = catalyses the hydrolysis of peptide bonds at a rate of 190 per second
  • carbonic anhydrase = catalyses the hydration of CO2 from tissues to the blood system to alveolar air
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6
Q

Co-factors and activators

A

Enzymes often require a cofactor for activity :
- inorganic molecule
- organic molecule

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7
Q

Enzyme Kinetics

A
  • The kinetic of an enzyme are measure on the basis of the substrate concentration.
  • Michaelis menten - describe enzyme activity and measure it in terms of S
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8
Q

Michaelis-Menten derivation

A

this derivation is based upon the assumption that one molecule of substrate combines with one molecule of enzyme to form the E-S complex ; if substrate is in excess and therefore the amount combined in ES is negligible, the VMax is reached

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9
Q

Enzyme Activity

A

Activity is simply the rate of the reaction measure in terms of mass of substrate converted per unit time.

Specific activity - is a measure of purity.

An enzyme unit is the amount of enzyme that will catalyse the conversion of q micromol of substrate in 1 min.

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