Enzymes Flashcards
What is the mechanism of enzyme?
The lock and key, that attracts substrates to active sites.
active site?
Part where it joins to catalyse reaction.
What is it meant by enzyme specificity?
As substrates only work with one substrate.
What is meant by lock and key model?
Substrate fits into enzyme, just like a key, into a lock.
What happens when shape of enzyme changes?
Becomes denatured, as substrate has to fit into active site, which is no longer possible to catalyse.
denatured enzyme?
Enzyme that will no longer work.
What factors affect enzyme activity?
Temperature, substrate concentration and pH.
What means higher temperature on enzymes?
Bonds holding enzyme break, changing shape of active site, which leads enzyme being denatured.
What means lower temperature on enzymes?
rate of reaction is slow
optimum temperature?
Enzyme is active most, not to fast or slow, being the best.
What means by lower pH?
What means by lower pH?
Changes bonds holding enzymes
higher pH?
Changes bonds holding enzymes
What means by lower substrate concentration?
Slow reaction
What means by higher substrate concentration?
Nothing, as a higher substrate concentration will go up to one true point, as all active sites will be full.d
What is rate calculation?
1000/time
units for rate
s-1
What is enzymes known as?
biological catalysts
Why are enzymes important?
As they help breaking down sugars, aamino acids, fatty acids and glycerol and synthesis of carbohydrates proteins and lipids.
what breaks down starch?
Starch breaks down by amylase, into maltose, and sugars.
What breaks down proteins?
Proteins breaks down by protease, into aamino acids.
What breaks down lipids?
Lipids breaks down by lipase, into glycerol and fatty acids.
Why should enzymes synthesis?
to join.
How do you test for lipids?
Shake with ethanol, if cloudy, then lipids is present.
How do you test for proteins?
Add biuret reagent, shake, if present, turns from blue to purple.
How do you test for sugar?
Add benedicts solution, if reducing sugar will be brick red.
How do you test for starch?
Add iodine, if present colour is brown to blue.
How do you test for sugar?
Add benedicts solution, if reducing sugar will be brick red.
What is the method of calorimetry?
Take tube of 50ml cold water, record temperature, place test tube at 45 degrees, and hold burning food sample underneath, when food is burnt, record final.
What is the equation for calorimetry?
Energy transferred=mass of water* 4.2* temperature increase.
