cell division and growth

Question 1

What is mitosis?​

Answer 1

To grow and replace cells that have been damaged.​

Question 2

What is anaphase?

Answer 2

Spindle fibres pulling chromosomes apart, then chromatids pulled to opposite ends.​

Question 3

What is the cell cycle?​

Answer 3

Makes new cells for growth and repair, body cells divide to produce new cells.​

Question 4

What is the process of mitosis?​

Answer 4

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis ​

Question 5

What is interphase?​

Answer 5

Cell grows, and increases amount of sub-cellular structures like mitochondria so it is able to divide. It also duplicates DNA.​

Question 6

What is prophase?​

Answer 6

Chromosomes condense, membrane around nucleus breaks down, leading chromosome lie free in cytoplasm.​

Question 7

What is metaphase?​

Answer 7

Chromosomes lining up in the middle.​

Question 8

what is telophase?

Answer 8

Membranes form around each of sets, these are nuclei of 2 new cells.​

Question 9

what is cytokinsis?

Answer 9

Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form 2 new separate cells, this is called cytokinesis.​

Question 10

What are advantages of mitosis?​

Answer 10

Cells produce 2 new daughter cells, which are genetically identical, also to the parent cell. ​
They grow or replace cells that have been damaged.

Question 11

What is cancer?​

Answer 11

Fast rate of mitosis forming a tumour which is spreadable, MALIGENT.​

Question 12

Why does cancer occur?.​

Answer 12

Mitosis is controlled by genes in DNA, if a mutation occurs, there’s a change which could lead cell dividing uncontrollably, leading to a mass of abnormal cells known as a tumour, which could invade and destroy surrounding tissue.​

Question 13

What is process of growth in animals?​

Answer 13

Cell division throughout their life, and cell differentiation, at a young age.​

Question 14

What is process of growth in plants?​

Answer 14

Cell elongation throughout most of their life, and cell division only in the tips of roots and shoots.​

Question 15

What is cell division?​

Answer 15

By mitosis​

Question 16

What is cell differentiation?​

Answer 16

Process by which cell changes to become specialised for its job, allows multicellular organisms to work more effectively.​

Question 17

What is cell elongation?​

Answer 17

Where a plant cell expands, making cell bigger and making plant grow. This helps growth, and these grow forever.​

Question 18

What are embryonic stem cells, and there function?​

Answer 18

They from when an egg and sperm cell fuse forming a zygote, and differentiate into any type of cell in the body.Replace insulin producing cells suffering from diabetes, new neural cells. Can clone these cells, and direct them differentiate into any cell in body.​

Question 19

What are stem cells, and there function?​

Answer 19

Found in certain places like bone marrow, cant produce any cell, only certain ones. Used to replace damaged cells.​

Question 20

What are meristems, and there function?​

Answer 20

Found in areas of plants growing, produce unspecialised cells that can divide to form any cell.​

Question 21

What are the benefits of stem cells?​

Answer 21

Replace damaged or diseased body parts, unwanted embryos could be used, research into process of differentiation.​

Question 22

What are the risks of stem cells?​

Answer 22

Destruction of embryo, religious or ethical objections, if growing stem cells are contaminated with virus, infection can be transferred, money could be spent on other areas.​