Cells Flashcards
What are all living things made off?
cells, prokaryotic or eurkaryotic
what are eukaryotic, and what is found?
Animal and plant cells. Contains cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
What are prokaryotic, and what is found?
Bacterial cells. Contains cell wall, membrane, cytoplasm, single circular strand of DNA, and plasmids.
What is nucleus?
Contains DNA for protein needed to build new cells. Enclosed in nuclear membrane.
What is cytoplasm?
Liquid substance, chemical reactions occur.
What is cell membrane?
Controls what comes inside and out of cell.
What is mitochondria?
Aerobic respiration reactions occur, providing respiration energy for all cells.
What is ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis occurs.
What is chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis takes place, contains chlorophyll pigment making it green,
What is permanent vacuole?
Cell sap, within cytoplasm, improving rigidity.
What is cell wall?
Made from cellulose, providing strength to cell.
what is egg cell?
Accept single sperm, and develop into embryo.
what is sperm cell?
Carry males DNA to egg cell, for reproduction
What is cilated epithelial cell?
Waft bacteria to stomach
How is egg cell specialised?
Surrounded by special cell membrane, only accepting 1, and becomes imperable after, lots of mitochondria to provide energy source for developing embryo, and large size, and cytoplasm allows quick repeated division.
How is sperm cell specialised?
Streamlined head, long tail to swim, mitochondria to supply energy to move, acrosome having digestive enzymes to break eggs cell, haploid, only having 23.
How is ciliated epitheilial specialised?
Long hair called cilia waft mucus down to stomach, killed by acid.
What is light microscope?
2 lenses, illuminated from underneath. View tissues, and large sub cellular structures.
What is electron microscope?
High magnification, and low resolving power. Electrons used to form image, as have small wavelength then of light waves.
What are differences between light and electron microscopes?
Electron allow to view many organelles clearly, like ribosomes, discover viruses, examine proteins.
How is a microscope slide prepared?
Peel off epidermal, using forceps, place sample on drop of water, add drops of iodine, cover slip using mounting needle.
Why is thin sample of tissue required?
Allows water to pass, internal pictures can be observed.
Why is water added?
Allows sample to be suspended between slide, and cover slip, ensures stays in place.
Why is water added?
Allows sample to be suspended between slide, and cover slip, ensures stays in place.
Why is iodine solution added?
Adds contrast, reacts with starch, turns black, internal pictures=visibility.
What is formula for magnification?
Observed cell length/actual cell length.
