Enzyme

Question 1

An enzyme is

Answer 1

biological protein catalyst that controls the rate of metabolism

Question 2

It acts on a

Answer 2

substrate to produce a product

Question 3

Amylase

Answer 3

starch to maltose

Question 4

lactose acts on

Answer 4

lactose to glucose

Question 5

Most enzymes are

Answer 5

3D folded globular proteins

All reactions are reversible

Question 6

They are specific

Answer 6

meaning they will only act on 1 substrate

Question 7

composed of

Answer 7

C, H, O and N. Sulphur may also be present

Question 8

made up of

Answer 8

one or more polypeptide chains and formed on the ribosome

Question 9

Denatured by

Answer 9

high temperature and unfavourable pH

Question 10

How they work

Answer 10

join to the substrate molecule

this position they join is called the active site

Question 11

Induced fit model

Answer 11

active site is not a fixed shape
when the substrate joins the enzyme it will change the shape of the active site
combine to form the enzyme-substrate complex

Question 12

After the enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 12

the substance molecule reacts , the products are released and the unchanged enzyme is then available again

Question 13

Factors affecting enzyme action

Answer 13

Temp
Ph
Enzyme concentration
Substrate concentration

Question 14

Temp v rate of enzyme action

Answer 14

positive quadratic graph

Question 15

pH v rate of enzyme action

Answer 15

two narrow quadratic graphs

Question 16

Enzyme concentration v rate of enzyme action

Answer 16

linear graph

Question 17

Substarte concentration

Answer 17

linear than plateaus

Question 18

inhibitor

Answer 18

nerve gas

radiation

Question 19

Bioprocessing

Answer 19

use of biological organisms to carry out manufacturing or treatment procedures of commercial or scientific interest

Question 20

Bioreactor

Answer 20

sterile vessel in which organisms or their parts are used to make a product

Question 21

Immobilised Enzyme

Answer 21

Enzymes attached to each other or to an inert material such as glass bead or sodium alginate gel

Question 22

Advantages

Answer 22

Enzymes can be recycled , therefor the process is cheaper
efficiency of an enzyme is not affected
easy purification of the product

Question 23

Experiment

Determine the effect of pH or temperature on enzyme activity

Answer 23

Enzyme = catalase (celery)
Substrate = hydrogen peroxide
product  = water and oxygen

mix catalase, hydrogen peroxide, buffer and washing up liquid. Note the volume after 2 minutes

Control = no catalase

Question 24

Experiment

examine application of immobilised enzymes

Answer 24

Enzyme = Sucrase
Cell = yeast

Yeast is mixed with sodium alginate, Beads are syringed into a calcium chloride solution. The beads are filtered and allowed to harden

Immobilised sucrase is placed in a separation funnel and a solution of sucrose is allowed to pass through. Test the filtrate for glucose using clinstix