environmental.legislation_state.assesment

Question 1

what are the two european environmental directives ?

Answer 1

WFD and MSFD

Question 2

what does WFD stand for? when was it esatblished

Answer 2

water framework directive

in 2000

Question 3

what does MSFD stand for?

Answer 3

marine strategy framework directive

Question 4

what are the two main fundamental principles of WFD?

Answer 4

• ecosystem based managemnet

- polluter must pay principle

Question 5

what is the “ecosystem approach”?

Answer 5

=frameworks for resolving ecosystem issues
=strategy for the integrated management of water,land and living resources that promotes conversation and sustainbale use in an equitabel way.

Question 6

what is eosystem managemnt ?

Answer 6

= a process that aims to coserve major ecological services and restore natural ressource while including needs of current and future generations.

Question 7

what directives ar included in the WFD?

Answer 7

• nitrates directive
• habitats directive
• gorundwater directive
  -drinking water directive
  -birds directive
  etc.

Question 8

what are the 2 most relevant key obejctives/aims of the WFD?

Answer 8

1. achieve concnetrations in the marine environemnt nearbackground values for naturall occuring substances and close to zero for man-made synthteic subtances
   - -> chemical state
2. ) prevent a further destruction and protect and enhance the status of equatic ecosystem.
   - -> ecosystem/ecological state

Question 9

on what is the chemical state evaluated of an area evaluated?

Answer 9

on basis of indicator concentration relative to the natural background (-indicator threshhold values )

Question 10

on what is the ecological state of an area evaluated?

Answer 10

on basisi fo the ecosystem function, which should not be too different from the function of the natural background.

Question 11

The WFD chemical state differentiates between tow types of substances

Answer 11

man-made synthetics vs. naturally occuring substances.

Question 12

what are EQS variables?

Answer 12

environmental quality standards variables
= envrionmental varibales which are used as indicators,
–> reflect chemical conditions/chemical state of the ecosystem

Question 13

how is ecolgical state assessed?

Answer 13

assessd through 5 categories

Question 14

what are the categories fo the ecological state?

Answer 14

5:
1. high(=blue)
2. good(=green)
2. moderate (yellow)
4. poor (=orange)
5. bad (=red)

Question 15

what categories of ecological states represent acceptable ecological condition which represent condition, which need action/changes to achieve an acceptable status?

Answer 15

high, good = acceptable

moderate, poor, bad= action needed

Question 16

what are the general water definitions for the ecological status category:

high

Answer 16

values reflect those normally associated with that water type under undistubred conditions.

Question 17

what are the general definitions for the ecological status category:

good

Answer 17

values show low levels of distortion, resulting from human activity,
–>slightly deviation

Question 18

what are the general definitions for the ecological status category:

moderate

Answer 18

values show moderate sign of distortion resultig from human activity

Question 19

what are the general definitions for the ecological status category:

poor

Answer 19

water shows major alterations/Change

Question 20

what are the general definitions for the ecological status category:

bad

Answer 20

water shows severe alterations/change

Question 21

what reflects the ecologcial state and how is it assessed?

Answer 21

reflects the functioning of the ecosystem:

–> influence of AQC on seaflooo and surface coastal water

Question 22

what has been used to asses AQC influence on the seafloor?

Answer 22

diversity of small invertebrates

B-, C- assessments

Question 23

what has been used to asses AQC influence on surface coastal waters?

Answer 23

there are no well accepted indicators, but three methods:

• OSPARCOM indicators
• Dose-response functions
• N:P, N:C and P:C ratios of particulate matter (C:N:P ratios)

Question 24

what does the OSPARCOM indicator measure?

Answer 24

• clorophyll a–> chlorophyll a threshold

- DIN and DIP concentrations

Question 25

what is measured for the dose response function?

Answer 25

PON/POP versus nutreint loading rate

Question 26

what is the better indicator?

- OSPARCOM or dose response function?

Answer 26

dose response function.

DIN (OSPARCOM) does not relate to an increased nutrient input

PON/POP does relate to an increased nutrinet inpu(increases also)

Question 27

how do phytlankton and zooplankton respond to increasing nutrient rate?

how does the ratio between Phytolankton and zooplankton change?

Answer 27

Zooplankton responds slower than phytoplankton.
–> food web structure is change

phytoplankton increases –> ratio chnages

rate= indicator

Question 28

what ar the ecosystem health components ?

Answer 28

1. vigour=vitality (function)
2. organization
3. resistance (to disturbance)
4. resilience (widerstandsfähigkiet)

Question 29

what are the chemical state indicators (=EQS variables)?

3

Answer 29

• NO3 (nitrat)
• NH4 (ammonium)
• PO4 (phophat)

Question 30

what are the ecological state indicators?

7

Answer 30

chlorophyll a
PON
POP
C:N
C:P
N:P
phytplankton:zooplanktan

Question 31

what has to happen when -values exceed the EQS threshhold

-ecological state is lower than moderate

Answer 31

countermeasures are required.