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A LEVEL > Environmental Psychology Non-priority > Flashcards

Environmental Psychology Non-priority Flashcards

Previous years- 80%

1
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours

Conservation behaviours

A

-used to minimise the negative impact that human behaviours has on the environment- must change attitudes, information and external influences that leans to the attitudes becoming the norm.

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2
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours

Antecedent Strategies

  • Information campaigns
  • Prompts
A

-occur before the behaviours has taken place in an attempt to change someones attitudes:

  • Information campaigns - Behaviour can be changed when given knowledge relating to the issue e.g. Keep Britain Tidy.
  • Prompts- Suggests that desire behaviours and attitudes essay in a lll of us and we have to be signposted to them e.g. No walking on the grass vs protect the plants, stay on the path.
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3
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours

Consequent Strategies

A

-occur after the behaviour and thus act as a reward incentive, feedback of punishment:

Positive reinforcement=incentives for recycling.
Punishment=fines/ increased costs for undesirable behaviours.

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4
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours
Lord (1994)

Sample

A

140 households from New York State

Quota sample ensured representation of multiple neighbourhoods and diverse socio-economic characteristics (57% respondents female aged 19-65)

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5
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours
Lord (1994)

Method/Design

A

Quasi experiment using behavioural observation and survey data.

3x2 design:

  • advert, news story, personal letter
  • postive or negative message, control

Observation-contents of households recycling bins-how many items recycled?

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6
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours
Lord (1994)

Messages

A

+ framed:

  • environmental benefits
  • savings to community
  • person satisfaction
  • framed:
  • described risks of failing to recycle
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7
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours
Lord (1994)

Questionnaire to assess beliefs in recycling behaviour

A

Evaluate truthfulness of certain statements about recycling behaviour with a 7 point scale.
Used semantic differential to measure attitudes towards recycling.

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8
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours
Lord (1994)

Results
Effects of messages
Message type: positive and negative
Source-letters and news

A
  • more positive attitudes towards recycling having been encouraged to recycle
  • messaged showed more recycling behaviour than the control
  • biggest change in behaviour was from the positive messages: believed messages more and more +attitudes
  • big change from those sent negative advert and letter
  • more positive attitudes from positive letters-those sent a letter recycled more
  • news presenting negative messages were more believable
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9
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours

Application-Antecendent strategy

A

Present adverts in the city of shocking messages near roads, making people embarrassed and think twice.

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10
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours

Application-Consequent strategy

A

Higher car park charges so people less willing to pay to park and drive to town or lower bus fares to make it more appealing.

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11
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Urban vs Rural

A

Urban- high population density and infrastructure

Rural-low population density and moderate infrastructure

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12
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Architectural Determinism

A

Suggets the built up environment is the MAIN/ONLY cause of the behaviour that takes place within it.

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13
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Architectural Possibilism

A

Environment is just a context in which behaviour takes place in.

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14
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Architectural Probabilism

A

Built environment will make some behaviours more common than others.

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15
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Defensible space

A

Semiprivate areas surrounding living quarters that residents can territorialize so that they appear to belong to someone, This can be personalised to be made to feel ‘their own’.

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16
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Overcrowding -Newman and McCauley

A

Levels of affiliated behaviour measured by % of people making eye contact with a stranger was much lower in urban than rural settings= more friendly, slower pace, more cohesive.

17
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Overcrowding-in prisons

A

Suicides increased in overcrowded prisons.

18
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Defensible space-Pruitt-Igoe public housing project (1945)

A

‘spacious living environment in multi-storey buildings’
Intended to recuse crime and was vandal resistant
but instead was a sewer or glass and garbage= didn’t identify with communal areas and felt they had no control over them.

19
Q 
Psychological effects of a buildup environment 
Ulrich (1984)
Sample 
IV
Design
A

Opportunity sample
46 patients in a suburban hospital after gall bladder surgery.
20-69 yrs. 15f 8min each matched group.
Natural scene vs brick wall

20
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment
Ulrich (1984)
Method: 5 type of info

A
  • number of days hospitalised (from surgery to discharge)
  • number and strength of painkillers each day
  • number and strength of doses for anxiety each day
  • minor complications such as persistent headache and nausea requiring medication
  • all nurses’ notes on condition and recovery

All info noted by a ruse blind to the IV.

21
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment
Ulrich (1984)
Results

  • number of days hospitalised (from surgery to discharge)
  • number and strength of painkillers each day
  • number and strength of doses for anxiety each day
  • minor complications such as persistent headache and nausea requiring medication
  • all nurses’ notes on condition and recovery
A

Tree view

  • 7.96 days
  • fewer pain meds, less strong dose
  • only 1.13 negative patients notes

Brick wall

  • 8.7 days
  • more pain meds, stronger doses
  • 3.96 negative patients notes

No significant different in anxiety medication or minor complications.

22
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment
Ulrich (1984)
Conclusions

A
  • views of nature give therapeutic benefits
  • recovery rooms’ views should be taken into account
  • not generalisable to other health conditions where anxiety may have been more of a feature
23
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Armitage (2011)

A

Cul-de-sacs had the least amount of crime compared to those with easier paints of entry/ escape.

24
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Environment design elements

A
  • colour
  • lighting
  • green spaces
  • use of windows
  • open spaces
  • defensible space

A LEVEL (15 decks)

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