Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A LEVEL > Environmental Psychology Non-priority > Flashcards

Environmental Psychology Non-priority Flashcards

Previous years- 80%

1
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours

Conservation behaviours

A

-used to minimise the negative impact that human behaviours has on the environment- must change attitudes, information and external influences that leans to the attitudes becoming the norm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours

Antecedent Strategies

  • Information campaigns
  • Prompts
A

-occur before the behaviours has taken place in an attempt to change someones attitudes:

  • Information campaigns - Behaviour can be changed when given knowledge relating to the issue e.g. Keep Britain Tidy.
  • Prompts- Suggests that desire behaviours and attitudes essay in a lll of us and we have to be signposted to them e.g. No walking on the grass vs protect the plants, stay on the path.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours

Consequent Strategies

A

-occur after the behaviour and thus act as a reward incentive, feedback of punishment:

Positive reinforcement=incentives for recycling.
Punishment=fines/ increased costs for undesirable behaviours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours
Lord (1994)

Sample

A

140 households from New York State

Quota sample ensured representation of multiple neighbourhoods and diverse socio-economic characteristics (57% respondents female aged 19-65)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours
Lord (1994)

Method/Design

A

Quasi experiment using behavioural observation and survey data.

3x2 design:

  • advert, news story, personal letter
  • postive or negative message, control

Observation-contents of households recycling bins-how many items recycled?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours
Lord (1994)

Messages

A

+ framed:

  • environmental benefits
  • savings to community
  • person satisfaction
  • framed:
  • described risks of failing to recycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours
Lord (1994)

Questionnaire to assess beliefs in recycling behaviour

A

Evaluate truthfulness of certain statements about recycling behaviour with a 7 point scale.
Used semantic differential to measure attitudes towards recycling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours
Lord (1994)

Results
Effects of messages
Message type: positive and negative
Source-letters and news

A
  • more positive attitudes towards recycling having been encouraged to recycle
  • messaged showed more recycling behaviour than the control
  • biggest change in behaviour was from the positive messages: believed messages more and more +attitudes
  • big change from those sent negative advert and letter
  • more positive attitudes from positive letters-those sent a letter recycled more
  • news presenting negative messages were more believable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours

Application-Antecendent strategy

A

Present adverts in the city of shocking messages near roads, making people embarrassed and think twice.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Recycling and other conservation behaviours

Application-Consequent strategy

A

Higher car park charges so people less willing to pay to park and drive to town or lower bus fares to make it more appealing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Urban vs Rural

A

Urban- high population density and infrastructure

Rural-low population density and moderate infrastructure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Architectural Determinism

A

Suggets the built up environment is the MAIN/ONLY cause of the behaviour that takes place within it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Architectural Possibilism

A

Environment is just a context in which behaviour takes place in.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Architectural Probabilism

A

Built environment will make some behaviours more common than others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Defensible space

A

Semiprivate areas surrounding living quarters that residents can territorialize so that they appear to belong to someone, This can be personalised to be made to feel ‘their own’.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Overcrowding -Newman and McCauley

A

Levels of affiliated behaviour measured by % of people making eye contact with a stranger was much lower in urban than rural settings= more friendly, slower pace, more cohesive.

17
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Overcrowding-in prisons

A

Suicides increased in overcrowded prisons.

18
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Defensible space-Pruitt-Igoe public housing project (1945)

A

‘spacious living environment in multi-storey buildings’
Intended to recuse crime and was vandal resistant
but instead was a sewer or glass and garbage= didn’t identify with communal areas and felt they had no control over them.

19
Q 
Psychological effects of a buildup environment 
Ulrich (1984)
Sample 
IV
Design
A

Opportunity sample
46 patients in a suburban hospital after gall bladder surgery.
20-69 yrs. 15f 8min each matched group.
Natural scene vs brick wall

20
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment
Ulrich (1984)
Method: 5 type of info

A
  • number of days hospitalised (from surgery to discharge)
  • number and strength of painkillers each day
  • number and strength of doses for anxiety each day
  • minor complications such as persistent headache and nausea requiring medication
  • all nurses’ notes on condition and recovery

All info noted by a ruse blind to the IV.

21
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment
Ulrich (1984)
Results

  • number of days hospitalised (from surgery to discharge)
  • number and strength of painkillers each day
  • number and strength of doses for anxiety each day
  • minor complications such as persistent headache and nausea requiring medication
  • all nurses’ notes on condition and recovery
A

Tree view

  • 7.96 days
  • fewer pain meds, less strong dose
  • only 1.13 negative patients notes

Brick wall

  • 8.7 days
  • more pain meds, stronger doses
  • 3.96 negative patients notes

No significant different in anxiety medication or minor complications.

22
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment
Ulrich (1984)
Conclusions

A
  • views of nature give therapeutic benefits
  • recovery rooms’ views should be taken into account
  • not generalisable to other health conditions where anxiety may have been more of a feature
23
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Armitage (2011)

A

Cul-de-sacs had the least amount of crime compared to those with easier paints of entry/ escape.

24
Q

Psychological effects of a buildup environment

Environment design elements

A
  • colour
  • lighting
  • green spaces
  • use of windows
  • open spaces
  • defensible space

A LEVEL (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions