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ChELE Review > Environmental Engineering > Flashcards

Environmental Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Salinity of freshwater

A

< 500 ppm

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2
Q

Salinity of marine waters

A

< 30 ppt

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3
Q

Freshwater body classified as Public Water Supply Class I, which requires only disinfection to meet PNSDW

A

Class AA

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4
Q

Freshwater body classified as Public Water Supply Class II, which requires conventional treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection) to meet PNSDW

A

Class A

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5
Q

Freshwater body classified as Recreational Water Class I intended for primary contact recreations (e.g., bathing, swimming, etc.)

A

Class B

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6
Q

Freshwater body classified as Recreational Water Class II for boating, fishing, or similar activities. It is also used as fishery water or for agriculture.

A

Class C

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7
Q

Freshwater body classified as navigable waters

A

Class D

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8
Q

Marine water body classified as Protected Waters (i.e., marine parks, reserves, or reservoirs), or Fishery Water Class II (for shellfish harvesting for human consumption)

A

Class SA

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9
Q

Marine water body classified as Fishery Water Class II (for shellfish and milkfish propagation), Tourist Zones, and Recreational Water Class I

A

Class SB

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10
Q

Marine water body classified as Fishery Water Class III (for commercial and sustenance fishing), Recreational Water Class II, or marshy and/or mangrove areas declared as fish and wildlife sanctuaries

A

Class SC

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11
Q

Marine water body classified as navigable waters

A

Class SD

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12
Q

Useless, unwanted, or discarded materials resulting from normal community activities

A

Waste

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13
Q

Any alteration in the physical, chemical, or biological properties of the environment, which adversely affects its aesthetic quality and/or beneficial use

A

Environmental Pollution

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14
Q

An industrial stream without value to the industrial process

A

Industrial waste

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15
Q

Physical characteristic of wastewater that comes from septic decomposition of organic wastes

A

Odor

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16
Q

Instrument that measures the odor of water

A

Olfactometer

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17
Q

Compound that causes fishy odor

A

Amines

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18
Q

Compound that causes ammoniacal odor

A

Ammonia

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19
Q

Compound that causes decayed fish odor

A

Diamines

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20
Q

Compound that causes rotten egg odor

A

Hydrogen Sulfide

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21
Q

Compound that causes skunk odor

A

Mercaptans

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22
Q

Compound that causes rotten cabbage odor

A

Organic sulfide

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23
Q

Compound that causes fecal odor

A

Skatole

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24
Q

Physical characteristic of wastewater that generally indicates the age of sewage

A

Color

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25
Q

Color of fresh wastewater

A

Grayish

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26
Q

Color of septic wastewater

A

Black

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27
Q

Physical characteristic of wastewater that lowers the solubility of oxygen and increases the rate at which oxygen-consuming microbes attack organic waste.

A

Temperature

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28
Q

Measure of the ability of wastewater to scatter light

A

Turbidity

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29
Q

Turbidity of clear lake

A

25 JTU

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30
Q

Turbidity of muddy water

A

> 100 JTU

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31
Q

Equivalent of 1 JTU in mg/L silica in water

A

1 JTU = 1 mg/L silica in water

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32
Q

Instruments that measure turbidity

A

Jackson Turbidimeter and Secchi Disk

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33
Q

Solid residue when water is evaporated at 103°C to 105°C

A

Total Solids

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34
Q

Actual quantity of free O₂ present in water

A

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

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35
Q

Graph that shows the amount of DO in water

A

DO Sag Curve

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36
Q

Measure of the amount of O₂ needed to oxidize completely an organic matter whose chemical formula is known

A

Theoretical Oxygen Demand (ThOD)

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37
Q

Measure of the amount of O₂ needed to convert ammonia to nitric acid

A

Nitrogenous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (NBOD)

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38
Q

Measure of the amount of O₂ needed by microorganisms to decompose biodegradable organics at a specified time, temperature, and pH

A

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

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39
Q

Standard time, temperature, pH, and total volume for measuring BOD

A

5 days, 20°C, pH 7, 300 mL

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40
Q

Measure of the amount of O₂ needed to oxidize organics using strong oxidizing agents in acid media

A

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

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41
Q

Saturated dissolved oxygen at 10°C

A

11.33 mg/L

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42
Q

Saturated dissolved oxygen at 20°C

A

9.1 mg/L

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43
Q

Saturated dissolved oxygen at 25°C

A

8.38 mg/L

44
Q

BOD reaction rate constant (k) at 20°C

A

0.23/day

45
Q

Correction factor (θ) for rate constant k at 20°C < T < 30°C

A

1.056

46
Q

Correction factor (θ) for rate constant k at T < 20°C

A

1.135

47
Q

Correction factor (θ) for rate constant k at T ≥ 30°C

A

1.047

48
Q

Correction factor (θ) for reaeration constant kr at any T ≠ 20°C

A

1.024

49
Q

Bed coefficient (η) for stagnant stream in deoxygenation constant kd

A

0.1

50
Q

Bed coefficient (η) for rapid stream in deoxygenation constant kd

A

0.6

51
Q

Type of wastewater treatment that employs physical and chemical treatment methods to remove or reduce a high percentage of suspended solids and toxic materials

A

Primary Treatment

52
Q

Sum of all polyvalent cations

A

Water Hardness

53
Q

Hardness of water is usually expressed in parts per million or mg/L of ____

A

CaCO₃

54
Q

Concentration of soft water in mg/L CaCO₃

A

< 17.61 mg/L CaCO₃

55
Q

Concentration of slightly hard water in mg/L CaCO₃

A

17.61 to 60 mg/L CaCO₃

56
Q

Concentration of moderately hard water in mg/L CaCO₃

A

60 to 120 mg/L CaCO₃

57
Q

Concentration of hard water in mg/L CaCO₃

A

120 to 180 mg/L CaCO₃

58
Q

Concentration of very hard water in mg/L CaCO₃

A

> 180 mg/L CaCO₃

59
Q

Hard water can be softened by

A

Passing it through an ion exchanger

60
Q

Removal of all settleable particles rendered settleable under the influence of gravity

A

Sedimentation

61
Q

Treatment of sewage using both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

A

Facultative stabilization pond

62
Q

Process wherein coarse material (suspended or floating) of certain size can be strained out of flowing water with the aid of bars, fine wires, or rocks

A

Screening

63
Q

Water treatment that destroys disease-causing bacteria, nuisance bacteria, parasites, and other organisms, and removes soluble irons, manganese, and hydrogen sulfide from water

A

Chlorination

64
Q

Plastic resin identification code for food wrapping, trashbags, and baby diapers

A

4

65
Q

Plastic resin with identification code 1

A

Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE)
- e.g., bottles, food containers
- recyclable

66
Q

Plastic resin with identification code 2

A

High-density polyethylene (HDPE)
- e.g., detergent bottles, shampoo bottles
- recyclable

67
Q

Plastic resin with identification code 3

A

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- e.g., pipes, tubings
- not recyclable

68
Q

Plastic resin with identification code 4

A

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)
- e.g., plastic wrappings, plastic bags
- sometimes recyclable

69
Q

Plastic resin with identification code 5

A

Polypropylene (PP)
- e.g., straw, rope, bottle caps
- sometimes recyclable

70
Q

Plastic resin with identification code 6

A

Polystyrene (PS)
- e.g., styrofoam, disposable cups
- sometimes recyclable

71
Q

Plastic resin with identification code 7

A

Other
- made of multiple plastics
- e.g, cds/dvds, lenses
- sometimes recyclable

72
Q

International treaty for the protection of the ozone layer by phasing out the production of substances responsible for ozone depletion (i.e., chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs)

A

Montreal Protocol

73
Q

International treaty that commits state parties to reduce greenhous gas (GHG) emissions

A

Kyoto Protocol

74
Q

International treaty for the prevention or transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries. It is currently the primary basis of the Philippines in its latest environmental dispute with Canada

A

Bassel Convention

75
Q

International treaty for the elimination of persistent organic pollutants to protect human health and the environment

A

Stockcholm Convention

76
Q

Document that endorses the continuation of the Kyoto Protocol

A

Copenhagen Accord

77
Q

Chemical species determined to be a catalyst for the depletion of ozone

A

Chlorine

78
Q

Clean Water Act of 2004

A

RA 9275

79
Q

Water Quality Guidelines

A

DAO 34

80
Q

General Effluent Standards

A

DAO 35

81
Q

Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016

A

DAO 2016-08

82
Q

Updated Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards for Selected Parameters

A

DAO 2021-19

83
Q

Clean Air Act of the Philippines

A

RA 8749

84
Q

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

A

RA 9003

85
Q

Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990

A

RA 6969

86
Q

RA 6969 was approved on what day?

A

October 26, 1990

87
Q

Review of process to ensure conformance with environmental standards and protocols

A

Environmental audit

88
Q

Documentary process that ensures environmental management is effectively implemented

A

Environmental management systems (EMS)

89
Q

Collective term for the initial POPs identified by the Stockholm Convention

A

Dirty Dozen

90
Q

An odorless and colorless gas that is lethal to humans with exposure as short as a few minutes to concentrations exceeding 5000 ppm. It reacts with hemoglobin in the blood rendering the latter incapable of carrying oxygen to the body.

A

Carbon monoxide

91
Q

What are the 5 layers of the atmosphere?

A

Troposphere - Stratosphere - Mesosphere - Thermosphere - Exosphere

92
Q

Atmospheric layer rich in ozone

A

Stratosphere

93
Q

Atmospheric layer in which radio waves used in long distance radio communication are reflected to Earth

A

Thermosphere

94
Q

Atmospheric layer where the ionosphere is found

A

Thermosphere

95
Q

Rate at which temperature in the atmosphere changes with altitude

A

Lapse rate

96
Q

Biogeochemical cycle that has bacteria living in a symbiotic relationship with the roots of legumes

A

Nitrogen

97
Q

Process wherein atmospheric nitrogen is converted into its usable form (ammonia)

A

Nitrogen Fixation

98
Q

Process wherein ammonia is converted to nitrate by the presence of bacteria in the soil

A

Nitrification

99
Q

Plants take in the nitrogen compounds in the soil through their roots. Nitrogen compounds enter the food web when primary consumers eat the plants.

A

Assimilation

100
Q

The nitrogen present in organic matter is released back into the soil when plants and animals die. Decomposers convert the organic matter back into ammonium.

A

Ammonification

101
Q

Nitrogen compounds return to the atmosphere by converting nitrate into gaseous nitrogen

A

Denitrification

102
Q

Acid combination which is the dominant composition of acid rain

A

Nitric acid and sulfuric acid

103
Q

Phenomenon that results in the overabundance of algae growth in bodies of water. It is also the natural process of nutrient enrichment that occurs over time in a body of water.

A

Eutrophication

104
Q

Measure of the total organic and ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater. It also gives a measure of the availability of nitrogen for building cells

A

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)

105
Q

Involves the accumulation of trace metals through each species in the food chain

A

Biomagnification

ChELE Review (12 decks)

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