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ChELE Review > ChE Concepts > Flashcards

ChE Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Ratio of thermal conductivity to thermal capacity

A

Thermal diffusivity (α = k/ρCₚ in m²/s)

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2
Q

Packed columns are best used for _____

A

Corrosive liquids
Foaming materials
High flowrates
Cost efficiency

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3
Q

Describe the reaction of the inversion of cane sugar

A

Pseudo-first order, second order reaction

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4
Q

Describe the reaction of the cracking of crude oil

A

Heterogenous catalytic

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5
Q

Most widely used screw thread standard

A

ISO

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6
Q

Impure product obtained by partial purification of potash from wood ashes

A

Pearl ash or potassium carbonate

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7
Q

Residue from wine vats, also called potassium tartrate

A

Argol

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8
Q

Formation of smallest aggregate of molecules in a supersaturated solution capable of growing into a large precipitate particle

A

Nucleation

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9
Q

Nucleation due to presence of foreign substance

A

Heterogeneous nucleation

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10
Q

Nucleation due to existing crystals

A

Secondary nucleation

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11
Q

4 stages in the selection process for choosing the best design

A
  1. Possible designs (credible) - w/n external constraints
  2. Plausible designs (feasible) - w/n internal constraints
  3. Probable designs: likely candidates
  4. Best design (optimum) - best solution
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12
Q

Method of water softening that uses zeolites

A

Permutit

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13
Q

Equation for schedule number

A

Sch No = 1000 P/S
P = operating pressure
S = allowable stress

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14
Q

Refers to waste or scrap glass, usually ground

A

Cullet

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15
Q

For any closed system formed initially from given masses of prescribed chemical species, by any two properties of the system, provided that these two properties are independently variable at the equilibrium state.

A

Duhem’s Theory

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16
Q

A device substantially without moving parts, in which a fuel, such as H₂, natural gas, methanol, or propane, can be converted directly into twice the quantity of electrical energy that would result from the usual boiler-turbine power generation

A

Fuel Cell

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17
Q

Equivalent of 1 ton of refrigeration capacity in BTU/min

A

1 ton of refrigeration capacity = 200 BTU/min

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18
Q

At the exit of a nozzle, pressure is ____, and velocity is ____.

A

low pressure, high velocity

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19
Q

The Buckingham Pi-theorem is applied to

A

Dimensional Analysis

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20
Q

The achievement of a temperature below that of the intermediate surroundings

A

Refrigeration

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21
Q

Throttling process is _____

A

Isenthalpic

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22
Q

Solid with no orderly structure

A

Amorphous

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23
Q

The union of the nonvolatile inorganic oxides resulting from the decomposition and fusion of alkali and alkaline earth compounds, sand, and other constituents, ending in a product with random atomic structure.

A

Glass

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24
Q

An early method for production of sodium carbonate from NaCl, calcium carbonate, and H₂SO₄

A

Leblanc Process

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25
Q

Industrial process for production of H₂SO₄. Based on oxidation of S to SO₃ on a vanadium oxide catalyst followed by reaction with water in fuming H₂SO₄

A

Contact Process

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26
Q

Method for underground mining of sulfur

A

Frasch Method

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27
Q

Conversion of H₂S to pure sulfur

A

Claus Process

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28
Q

Catalyst used in burning of SO₂

A

Vanadium Pentoxide (V₂O₅)

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29
Q

Catalyst for ammonia oxidation

A

Pt or Pt-Ir

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30
Q

It is amount of energy in excess of the average energy level which the reactants must have in order for the reaction to proceed

A

Activation energy

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31
Q

Value of change in internal energy when a thermodynamic system undergoes a cyclic process

A

Zero

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32
Q

Parameter which completely describes the behavior of the response to a disturbance of a 2nd order system

A

Damping coefficient

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33
Q

Damping coefficient of a critically damped system

A

1

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34
Q

Heating of an ore to bring about reaction with the furnace atmosphere

A

Smelting

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35
Q

Device used for classification of particles with size ranges below 10 micrometers

A

Centrifuge

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36
Q

Medium which can trap particles of size 0.005 micrometer

A

Membrane

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37
Q

Process in which H₂S is removed from H₂O by contacting the solution with warm air.

A

Stripping

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38
Q

Result of the presence of sulfur in petroleum

A

Engine knocking

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39
Q

Third aspect in plant design

A

Environment

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40
Q

Lowest temperature at which the material will ignite from an open flame

A

Flash point

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41
Q

Lanolin, which is widely used in cosmetics, is derived from

A

Sheep’s wool

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42
Q

How can you increase the life of an incandescent lamp?

A

Fill with argon gas

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43
Q

Dimensionless number concerned with heat transfer in laminar flow

A

Graetz number

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44
Q

Dimensionless number concerned with natural convection

A

Grashof number

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45
Q

Mass transfer in a flowing fluid may be correlated by ____

A

Sherwood, Reynolds, and Schmidt numbers

46
Q

The terms sweet and sour in natural gas are used to denote the absence or presence of ____

A

H₂S

47
Q

Neoprene is a _____

A

Synthetic rubber

48
Q

Water insoluble cell binders of wood

A

Lignin

49
Q

Rancidity of oil can be reduced by ____

A

Hydrogenation

50
Q

Purpose of plasticizers in paint

A

Corrosion resistance

51
Q

Varnish does not contain ____

A

Pigment

52
Q

In the Philippines, S for H₂SO4 manufacturing is sourced from what industry?

A

Paper

53
Q

Identification of pipelines carrying different liquids and gases is done by ____

A

Color

54
Q

Dimensionless quantity, which for fluids flowing inside tubes, regarded as ratio of shear stress (at tube wall) to kinetic energy

A

Fanning Friction Factor

55
Q

Other term for CaO

A

Quicklime

56
Q

Other term for Ca(OH)₂

A

Hydrated lime or slaked lime

57
Q

Chemical released during the Bhopal tragedy

A

Methyl isocyanate

58
Q

Under the same temperature gradient across various metal plates of the same thickness, the heat conducted per unit of surface area will be largest across what metal?

A

Copper

59
Q

If a man touches two metals which were kept together at room temperature, why could one metal feel colder than the other?

A

One has higher thermal conductivity

60
Q

Cork is a good insulator because it has ____

A

A porous body

61
Q

The insulation ability of a material with the presence of moisture would _____

A

Decrease

62
Q

Heat transfer in turbulent flow may be described by an empirical equation correlating _____

A

Nusselt, Prandtl, and Reynolds number

63
Q

Steady-state temperature reached by a small amount of liquid evaporating into a large amount of unsaturated vapor-gas mixture

A

Wet bulb temperature

64
Q

The temperature at which the moisture in humid air exerts a partial pressure equal to its vapor pressure is the

A

Dew Point

65
Q

The viscosity of a gas ____ with temperature

A

Increases

66
Q

The force exerted by the fluid on the solid opposite to the direction of flow

A

Drag

67
Q

Order of reaction in which the rate is independent of the concentration of the reactants

A

Zeroth order

68
Q

Order of reaction in which the rate is independent of the initial concentration

A

First order

69
Q

TRUE or FALSE: From Arrhenius Law, the value of the frequency factor, ko, affects the temperature sensitivity

A

False

70
Q

Reactor characterized by the variation in extent of reaction and properties of mixture with time

A

Batch Reactor

71
Q

Reactor characterized by presence of lateral mixing

A

Plug Flow Reactor

72
Q

Byproduct of the sugar/ethanol industry

A

Vinasse

73
Q

Represents the total mass transferred by molecular diffusion

A

Sherwood number

74
Q

A dimensionless number that represents the ratio of the molecular momentum diffusion to the molecular mass diffusivity

A

Schmidt number

75
Q

The only strength of stress grade lumber that can be precisely determined without breaking the piece

A

Stiffness

76
Q

The chief difference between exterior grade plywood and interior grade plywood

A

Type of glue used

77
Q

Warp, wane and checks are all factors that help determine the quality of

A

Stress-grade lumber

78
Q

The Brinell Number of a material measures

A

Hardness

79
Q

A major classification group of stainless steels 6% to 22% nickel in addition to 16% to 26% chromium. This group differs from the other two major groupings in that its alloys are ____

A

Non-magnetic

80
Q

The ultimate strength divided by the allowable stress

A

Factor of safety

81
Q

If an engineering structure is to be designed against the rupture of any of its members under steady load, the factor of safety is a ratio based on working stress and ____

A

Ultimate strength

82
Q

The offset method is used to find a property of metals that do not have a well-defined stress-strain curve such as steel. This property is called ____

A

Yield point

83
Q

In boiler calculations, the rivet is assumed to ____

A

Fill the hole after driving

84
Q

The intermittent welds generally used to hold materials in place temporarily

A

Double vee

85
Q

In the construction of a vinegar container tank, which of these metals of construction is not recommended: aluminum, stainless steel, brass, monel

A

Brass

86
Q

Bracket supports are most suitable for ____

A

Thick walled vertical vessels

87
Q

Skirt support is most suitable for ____

A

Tall horizontal vessel

88
Q

Design based on conditions giving least cost per unit time and max profit per unit production

A

Optimum economic design

89
Q

A flow diagram, indicating the flow of materials, unit operations involved, equipment necessary and special information on operating temp and pressure

A

Qualitative flow diagram

90
Q

In a plant design implementation, soil testing is done to determine the ____

A

Load bearing capacity

91
Q

This involves all engineering aspects in the development of either a new, modified, or expanded industrial plant

A

Plant Design

92
Q

A chemical engineer specializing in the economic aspects of design

A

Cost Engineer

93
Q

Actual design of the equipment and facilities necessary for carrying out the process

A

Process Design

94
Q

The final step before developing construction plans for the plant and includes complete specifications for all components of the plant and accurate costs based on quoted prices

A

Firm process design

95
Q

A thorough systematic analysis of all factors that affect the possibility of success of a proposed undertaking usually with the market, technical, financial, socio-economic and management aspects

A

Project feasibility study

96
Q

Discusses the nature of the product line, the technology necessary for production, its availability, the proper mix of production resources and the optimum production volume

A

Technical feasibility

97
Q

Discusses the nature of the unsatisfied demand which the project seeks to meet, its growth and the manner in which it is to be met

A

Market feasibility

98
Q

Simplest mode of control characterized by a two-position control commonly utilized in a thermostat for controlling the temperature of heaters, air conditioners, ref, etc.

A

On-off control

99
Q

Control system in which the control action is independent of the output

A

Open loop system

100
Q

Control system in which the control action is somehow dependent on the output

A

Closed loop system

101
Q

An arrangement of physical components connected or related in such a manner as to command direct, regulate itself or another system

A

Control system

102
Q

Property of a closed-loop system which permits the output to be compared with the input to the system so that the appropriate control action may be formed

A

Feedback control system

103
Q

A frequency response measure of how well the system responds to variations in the input signal

A

Bandwidth

104
Q

A signal defined at, or of interest at, only discrete instants of the variable

A

Digital signal

105
Q

A device that converts an analog or continuous signal into a discrete/digital signal

A

Analog to digital converter

106
Q

Convert one signal or energy form into another

A

Transducer

107
Q

Part of the deviation of the response which approaches zero as time approaches infinity

A

Steady-state response

108
Q

Integral of a unit step function

A

Ramp function

109
Q

A sensor usually made of a semiconductor that utilizes the effect of temperature on the resistance to current is called

A

Thermistor

110
Q

Integral of a Dirac function

A

Step function

ChELE Review (12 decks)

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