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ChELE Review > Important Names and Discoveries > Flashcards

Important Names and Discoveries Flashcards

1
Q

Who articulated the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?

A

Werner Heisenberg

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2
Q

Who introduced the Wohler synthesis?

A

Friedrich Wohler

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3
Q

Who discovered I-131?

A

Glenn Seaborg

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4
Q

Who coined the term ‘electron’?

A

George Stoney

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5
Q

Received the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of argon

A

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh

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6
Q

Who discovered the chair conformation of cyclohexane?

A

Odd Hassel

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7
Q

He discovered spontaneous radioactivity in uranium

A

Antoine Henri Becquerel

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8
Q

Who discovered the structure of benzene?

A

August Kekule

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9
Q

Who created the first spectroscope?

A

Robert Bunsen & Gustav Kirchoff

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10
Q

Received the 1904 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air

A

Sir William Ramsay

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11
Q

Who introduced the concept of chemical potential?

A

Gilbert N. Lewis

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12
Q

Who discovered the relationship between the elements’ atomic number and the frequency of x-rays generated by bombarding the element with high-energy electrons?

A

Henry Moseley

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13
Q

Who discovered nuclear fission?

A

Otto Hahn & Lise Meitner

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14
Q

Best known for his discovery of the covalent bond and his concept of electron pairs

A

Gilbert N. Lewis

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15
Q

Who invented C-14 dating?

A

Williard Libby

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16
Q

Who discovered the VSEPR theory?

A

Ronald Nyholm

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17
Q

They were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 for their discovery of the effects of chlorine atoms in ozone depletion

A

Sherwood Roland
Mario Molina

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18
Q

Who determined the charge of the electron?

A

Robert Millikan

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19
Q

Who performed the Cathode Ray Tube experiment?

A

Sir William Crookes and Heinrich Geissler

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20
Q

Proponent of the Law of Definite Proportions

A

Joseph Louis Proust

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21
Q

Who discovered ten transuranium elements?

A

Glenn Seaborg

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22
Q

Who discovered the electron?

A

J.J. Thomson

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23
Q

Godfather of Nuclear Fission

A

Otto Hahn

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24
Q

He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944 for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei

A

Otto Hahn

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25
Q

He postulated that reaction behavior is due to the movement of electrons

A

Robert Robinson

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26
Q

Who discovered the neutron?

A

James Chadwick

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27
Q

Who proposed the law of octaves?

A

John Newlands

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28
Q

Who discovered the element rubidium?

A

Robert Bunsen & Gustav Kirchoff

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29
Q

Who created the first radioactive nuclide (P-30)?

A

Irene-Joliot Curie & Frederic Joliot

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30
Q

Who coined the term ‘radioactivity’?

A

Marie Curie

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31
Q

Who explained the essence of entropy 27 years after its introduction?

A

Ludwig Boltzmann

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32
Q

Who demonstrated that rate constants vary with temperature?

A

Svante Arrhenius

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33
Q

Who introduced the concept of entropy?

A

Rudolf Clausius

34
Q

Who suggested the concept of resonance?

A

Linus Pauling

35
Q

Who discovered nuclear transmutation

A

Ernest Rutherford

36
Q

Proponent of the Laws of Multiple Proportions

A

John Dalton

37
Q

Who discovered hydroboration-oxidation reaction?

A

Herbert Brown

38
Q

Who discovered the element helium during the 1686 solar eclipse?

A

Robert Bunsen & Gustav Kirchoff

39
Q

Who discovered x-rays?

A

Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen

40
Q

Proponent of the Law of Conservation of Mass

A

Antoine Lavoisier

41
Q

Who discovered the element caesium?

A

Robert Bunsen & Gustav Kirchoff

42
Q

1923 Nobel Physics Laureate who demonstrated the wave-particle duality

A

Robert Millikan

43
Q

Who synthesized urea from the inorganic compound ammonium cyanate?

A

Friedrich Wohler

44
Q

He proposed that energy, like matter, is discontinuous.

A

Max Planck

45
Q

Who described electron group geometries?

A

Ryutaro Tsuchida

46
Q

They received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics for their research on radiation phenomena

A

Henri Becquerel
Pierre Curie
Marie Curie

47
Q

He reacted inorganic carbon disulfide to produce organic acetic acid.

A

Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe

48
Q

Who determined the ratio of electric charge to the mass of an electron?

A

J.J. Thomson

49
Q

Who discovered free radical addition of HBr to alkenes?

A

Morris Kharasch

50
Q

Received the Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect

A

Albert Einstein

51
Q

1911 Nobel Chemistry Laureate who discovered the elements radium and polonium

A

Marie Curie

52
Q

Who discovered the proton?

A

Ernest Rutherford

53
Q

Father of Chemical Engineering

A

George E. Davis

54
Q

Who coined the term ‘isomers’?

A

Jöns Jacob Berzelius

55
Q

What elements were discovered by Sir William Ramsay and Morris Travers?

A

In order of discovery: Neon, Krypton, Xenon

56
Q

Who discovered radon from the radioactive decay of radium?

A

Sir William Ramsay and Frederick Soddy

57
Q

Who proposed to arrange the elements by their atomic masses (Independent of the work of Dmitri Mendeleev)

A

Lothar Meyer

58
Q

Who isolated helium from the uranium ore, cleveite?

A

Sir William Ramsay

59
Q

Who first proposed the actinide concept?

A

Glenn Seaborg

60
Q

Father of Nuclear Chemistry

A

Otto Hahn

61
Q

Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946 for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized?

A

James B. Sumner

62
Q

Who proposed the planetary model of the atom in which electrons located away from the nucleus possess more energy than those closer to the nucleus?

A

Niels Bohr

63
Q

He introduced the London dispersion forces

A

Fritz London

64
Q

They were awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery of fullerenes

A

Richard E. Smalley
Robert F. Curl, Jr.
Harold Kroto

65
Q

Architect of geodetic domes whose name was the inspiration for buckyballs

A

Buckminster Fuller

66
Q

Received the 1961 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his discovery of the chemical pathways of photosynthesis

A

Melvin Calvin

67
Q

Introduced the 3,3-sigmatropic rearrangements

A

Arthur Cope and Elizabeth Hardy

68
Q

Introduced the first standard screw thread

A

Joseph Whitworth

69
Q

Suggested the use of permutit for water softening

A

Robert Gans

70
Q

He coined the term polymer to denote molecular substances of high molecular mass formed by polymerization

A

Jöns Jacob Berzelius

71
Q

Proponent of the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

A

Ralph Howard Fowler

72
Q

Proponent of the First Law of Thermodynamics

A

Rudolf Clausius

73
Q

He proved the law of conservation of energy by performing the experiment wherein energy is added to water as work but is extracted as heat

A

James Prescott Joule

74
Q

Father of Thermodynamics

A

Sadi Carnot

75
Q

Who discovered phenolphthalein?

A

Adolf von Baeyer

76
Q

Who discovered hydrogen peroxide?

A

Louis-Jacques Thenard

77
Q

Who first synthesized lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)?

A

Albert Hofmann

78
Q

Who was the first to prepare chlorine gas by oxidizing NaCl with manganese oxide?

A

C. W. Scheele

79
Q

Who discovered salicylic acid?

A

Raffaele Piria

80
Q

Who discovered acetylsalicylic acid?

A

Felix Hoffmann

81
Q

He was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of the effects of NOx in ozone depletion

A

Paul Crutzen

ChELE Review (12 decks)

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