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ChELE Review > Chemical Process Industries > Flashcards

Chemical Process Industries Flashcards

1
Q

Addition of alkyl radical with side chain final product

A

Alkylation
(Applications: petroleum, organic chemicals)

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2
Q

Creation of amine group by addition of ammonia

A

Amination by ammonolysis
(Applications: dyestuffs, synthetic fibers, organic chemicals)

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3
Q

Creation of amine group by adding hydrogen gas

A

Amination by reduction
(Applications: dyestuffs, organic chemicals)

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4
Q

Creation of amine group by oxidation

A

Ammonoxidation
(Applications: plastics, synthetic fibers)

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5
Q

Process of heating limestone to produce lime

A

Calcination
(Application: cement)

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6
Q

Creation of carbonyl compounds

A

Carbonylation

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7
Q

Creation of carboxylate salts

A

Carboxylation

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8
Q

Combination of two organic molecules

A

Condensation
(Application: synthetic perfumes)

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9
Q

Separation of long C-C chains into smaller chains

A

Pyrolysis or cracking

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10
Q

Process used in destructive distillation of coal and petroleum

A

Pyrolysis or cracking

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11
Q

Production of cyanide

A

Cyanidation or cyanation

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12
Q

Creation of cyclic compounds from C-C chains

A

Cyclization
(Application: petroleum)

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13
Q

Removal of water

A

Dehydration

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14
Q

Removal of hydrogen

A

Dehydrogenation
(Application: synthetic rubber)

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15
Q

Occurs between diazonium ions and the phenolic tyrosine, resulting in three new typical peaks in the SERS spectrum of the azo dye

A

Diazotization and coupling

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16
Q

Simultaneous reduction and oxidation

A

Disproportionation

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17
Q

Another term for double decomposition (switching of ion pairs in inorganic chemicals)

A

Metathesis

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18
Q

Triggered when acid is added to alcohol

A

Esterification
(Applications: oils and fats, soaps)

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19
Q

Addition of halogen to organic compound performed with or without light

A

Halogenation

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20
Q

Addition of water

A

Hydration

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21
Q

Production of aldehydes from alkenes

A

Hydroformylation

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22
Q

Another term for hydroformylation

A

Oxo Synthesis

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23
Q

Addition of hydrogen

A

Hydrogenation
(Applications: fats and waxes, coal hydrogenation, petroleum)

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24
Q

Cleavage of bonds by the addition of water

A

Hydrolysis

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25
Oxidation of CH into COH
Hydroxylation (Application: detergent)
26
Transformation of molecules into a different isomer
Isomerization (Application: petroleum)
27
Introduction of nitrogen group into an organic compound
Nitration (Applications: explosives, dyestuffs)
28
Conversion of monomers to macromolecular complexes through a finite degree of polymerization
Oligomerization
29
Applications of polymerization
Petroleum Plastics Elastomers Synthetic fibers
30
Production of benzenesulfonic acid by adding SO₃ and H₂SO₄
Sulfonation (Application: dyestuffs)
31
Conversion of carbonyl group to thiocarbonyl
Thionation
32
Manufacture of paper from pulp employing the Fourdrinier machine
Kraft Processes
33
Method of recovering hydrogen from water gas; carbon dioxide is reacted with steam at 500°C in the presence of catalyst to form CO and H₂
Bosch Process
34
Recovering copper from its sulfide ores by leaching with cupric and sodium or calcium chloride solution and electrolyzing. Product is CuCl₂ (cupric chloride)
Hoepner Process
35
Copper or iron sulfides fused and blown with air to burn out the sulfur content
Holloway Process
36
Formation of rust-resistant coating on iron base metal by oxidation with superheated steam
Barff Process
37
Reduction of lead ores, small charge is roasted slowly at low T, lead being collected outside the furnace by means of heat
Carinthian Process
38
Method of recovering gold and silver from their ores into a soluble form by treatment with cyanides
Cyanidation Process
39
Rubber reclaiming process in which vulcanized scraps are introduced into a mixer where, in the presence of air, it is worked under pressure and at high T for a very short time
Banbury Process
39
Sulfonation and extraction process in the manufacture of phenol
Dennis Bull Process
40
Soda ash manufacture
Solvay Process
41
Production of ammonia by direct combination of N₂ and H₂ at 600°C under 200-300 atm in the presence of a catalyst
Haber-Bosch Process
42
Process of recovering sulfur from the buried porous cap rock of a salt dome and delivering it above ground as a product of suitable purity and condition for use
Frasch Process
43
Extraction of aluminum from bauxite
Hall's Process
44
Catalyst used in manufacture of sulfuric acid by chamber process
Oxides of nitrogen
45
Catalyst used in manufacture of sulfuric acid by contact process
V₂O₅ (vanadium oxide) on a porous carrier
46
Why is SO₃ absorbed in 97% H₂SO₄ in the contact process?
Water forms an acid mist which is difficult to absorb
47
TRUE or FALSE: Contact process yields higher concentration than chamber process
True
48
Components of producer gas
CO, CO₂, H₂, N₂
49
Oxygen is produced by fraction of air using
Linde's Process and Claude's Process
50
Raw materials for Solvay Process
Salt, limestone, ammonia, coke oven gas
51
Economics of the Solvay Process depends upon the efficiency of
Ammonia recovery and size of plant
52
Components of cement
CaO, SiO₂, Al₂O₃
53
Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of ______
Sulphides and chlorides of Mg and Ca
54
Widely used method for conditioning of boiler feed water
Hot-lime soda process
55
Use of hydrazine
Rocket fuel
56
Trinitro-toluene is a/an _____.
Explosive
57
A mixture of glycerides of fatty acids
Oils
58
Mixture of esters of polyhydric alcohols except glycerin
Wax
59
Unsaturated oils have ____ melting point, and _____ reactivity to oxygen compared to saturated oils
Lower, Higher
60
Rancidity of oil can be reduced by
Hydrogenation
61
Solvent used for extraction of oil
Methyl ethyl ketone
62
Catalyst used in hydrogenation of oil
Nickel
63
Components of metallic soap
Aluminum and calcium salt of fatty acids
64
Fat-splitting catalyst
ZnO
65
Free alkali in toilet soap is _____ than laundry soap
Less
66
Use of builders in soap
Boosts cleaning power
67
Detergents which are easily oxidized
Biodegradable detergents
68
Alkyl benzene sulfonate is a/an _____.
Detergent
69
Yellow glycerin can be made into white using ____.
Activated Carbon
70
Method used to obtain essential oils
Steam distillation
71
Function of plasticizers in paints
Give elasticity and prevent cracking of film
72
Which oil is preferred in paint manufacturing?
Drying oil
73
Function of thinner in paints
Suspends pigments and dissolves film-forming materials
74
Function of enamels
Give good glossy finish
75
Why is SO₂ bubbled through hot sugar cane juice?
It acts as an acidifying agent
76
Substance that increases the strength of tires
Carbon black
77
Common hydrocarbon gas liquids
Butane and propane
78
Refers to gases produced during oil production
Associated gas
79
Gases separated during oil refining
Refinery gas
80
Catalyzed reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form hydrocarbons
Fischer-Tropsch Process
81
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis feed quality guidelines
< 1 ppm sulfur < 1% aromatics
82
Ideal catalyst for light component production in Fischer-Tropsch gasoline
Iron
83
Ideal catalyst for heavy component production in Fischer-Tropsch diesel and waxes
Nickel
84
Range of carbon chain lengths for LPG gas
C1 to C4
85
Range of naphtha carbon chain lengths
C5 to C12
86
Range of kerosene carbon chain lengths
C6 to C12
87
Range of carbon chain lengths for diesel and gasoline
C12 to C18
88
Range of carbon chain lengths for lubricating oil
C16 to C22
89
Range of carbon chain lengths for residue, asphalt, and paraffin waxes
> C20
90
Process of producing 1,3-propanediol using E. coli in a bioreactor
Dupont Process
91
Precursor of nylon-6
Caprolactam
92
Where is the major source of cheap natural gas located?
Middle East

ChELE Review (12 decks)

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