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Science 9 > Environmental Chem 1 > Flashcards

Environmental Chem 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the chemicals responsible for life?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, (CHON) and phosphorus

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2
Q

define substrate

A

what an organism lives off

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3
Q

define nutrients

A

a substance that provides nourishment for living organisms

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4
Q

What factors affect water quality

A
  • pH
    -Dissolved oxygen
  • Acidity
  • Nitrogen and phosphorus
  • pesticides
    -salt
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5
Q

What are the 5 categories of water use

A
  • Human drinking water
  • recreation
  • livestock drinking water
  • irrigation
  • protection of aquatic life
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6
Q

How do we determine air quality

A

by measuring the amount of chemicals in the air and estimation amount of emissions from pollution sources

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7
Q

Sulfur Dioxide…

A

this is a major pollutant in the air which forms both smog and acid rain. Made when sulfur from industrial processes combines with the oxygen in the air.

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8
Q

What harmful affect can sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides have on humans

A

they can affect your respiratory system and irritate eyes.

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9
Q

Nitrogen oxides…

A

Also one of the main causes of smog and acid rain. Formed mostly from vehicle combustion

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10
Q

Carbon Monoxide…

A

A colourless gas that is very harmful to humans. It is formed when chemicals containing carbon burn.

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11
Q

Ground level ozone…

A

the oxygen atoms in ozone molecules react with nitrogen oxides, oxygen and VOCs in heat and sunlight and can be very harmful.

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12
Q

Acid vs. base

A

an acid has a pH lower than 7, a base has a pH higher than 7. 7 is neutral.

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13
Q

Define neutralization.

A

An acid and a base are combined

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14
Q

Define organic compound

A

A substance containing carbon

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15
Q

Define macronutrients

A

nutrients you need in large quantities.

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16
Q

Define micronutrients

A

nutrients you need in small amounts

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17
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Made up of Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. These molecules can be found in foods such as pasta, rice, potatoes, fruits, etc.

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18
Q

Lipids

A

Fats, oils and waxes, composed also of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Can be found in foods such as corn, peanuts, walnuts, etc.

19
Q

Proteins and amino acids

A

Can be found in foods such as meats, fish, eggs and dairy. Amino acids make up proteins.

20
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

This is your DNA and RNA.

21
Q

Define Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules form an area of higher concentration to lower concentration

22
Q

Define Osmosis

A

The movement of molecules from an area of more molecules to less, takes place in cells.

23
Q

Define active transport

A

Molecules move from lower concentration to higher concentration, this uses energy.

24
Q

Define ingestion

A

The process of taking in food

25
Q

How is your food broken down?

A

Hydrolysis in the stomach

26
Q

How is nutrients absorbed into the body?

A

Through the cell walls into the bloodstream.

27
Q

What are some common organic compounds

A

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, and sulfur

28
Q

What does Nitrogen do for humans

A

Growth and repair of tissue
Composition of proteins and amino acids

29
Q

What are the benefits of Phosphorus in humans

A

Composition of bones and DNA
Metabolic reactions

30
Q

Benefits of potassium in humans

A

Muscle contractions and nerve impulses

31
Q

Benefits of calcium in humans

A

Compositions of bones
Blood clotting
muscle and nerve functions

32
Q

benefits of Magnesium in humans

A

Composition of bones and teeth
Absorption of calcium and potassium

33
Q

Benefits of sulfur in humans

A

Protein synthesis
Enzyme activation
Detoxification

34
Q

Benefits of Nitrogen in plants

A

Composition in proteins and chlorophyll
Leaf and stem growth

35
Q

Benefits of phosphorus in plants

A

Root and flower growth
Cellular resperation

36
Q

Benefits of potassium in plants

A

Disease resistance
starch and protein production

37
Q

Benefits of Magnesium in plants

A

composition of chlorophyll
photosynthesis

38
Q

Benefits of Calcium in plants

A

Cell wall structure
cell division

39
Q

aerobic biodegradtion

A

the use of oxygen for biodegration

40
Q

anaerobic biodegradation

A

No oxygen is available during biodegradation

41
Q

Define phytoremedation

A

a technique used to reduce the concentration of chemicals in soil or groundwater

42
Q

define photolysis

A

The breakdown of compounds by sunlight

43
Q

Define biomagnification

A

the increase of concentration of a chemical as it moves up the food chain

Science 9 (17 decks)

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