Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Health > Environemntal Issues > Flashcards

Environemntal Issues Flashcards

1
Q

The gov of India has passed the _____ act to protect and improve the quality of our environment .

A

Environmental (protection) act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Environment act was passed in -

A

1986

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____ of thermal power plants , smelters and other industries release particulate and gaseous. Pollutants together with ‘harmless gases’ like =

A

Smokestacks
N2
O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The pollutants from thermal smokestacks , smelters must be _____ out before releasing the harmless gases into the atm .

A

Separated/filtered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most widely used method of removing particulate matter -

A

Electrostatic precipitator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Electrostatic precipitator can remove over ____% particulate matter present in the_____from a _____ .

A

99%
Exhaust
Thermal power plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Electrostatic ppt has electrode wires that are maintained at _____volts ,which produce a ______ that releases ____ .

A

Several 1000 volts
Corona
Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The collecting plates are grounded in an electrostatic ppt and attract the _____ .

A

Charged dust particles
( dust particles pass through the negative charged organ and in turn get negatively charged , therefore they are attracted by the positive collecting plates )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The velocity of air btw plates must be ____ to allow the _____ .

A

Low enough

Dust to fall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A scrubber can remove gases like _____ .

A

So2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In a scrubber , the exhaust is passed through a ______ .

A

Spray of water or lime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Scrubber cannot remove ____.

A

Particulate matter ( very very small )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

According to _____ , particulate size of ____ in diameter is responsible for causing the greatest harm to human health .

A

Cpcb - central pollution control board

2.5 micrometer or less ( PM 2.5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Particulate size of _____ are responsible for causing greatest harm to humans .

A

2.5 micrometer or LESS in DIAMETER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fine particles of particulate matte can be inhaled deep into the lungs and can cause _____ and ___symptom ,_____ ,____ and damage to the lungs and premature deaths .

A

Breathing
Respiratory
Irritation
Inflammations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

___alongwith use of ____ can reduce the pollutants they emit .

A

Proper maintenance of automobiles

Lead-free petrol or diesel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Catalytic converters having EXPENSIVE metals namely ____ and _____ as ____ are fitted into automobiles for reducing ______ .

A

Platinum-palladium
Rhodium
Catalysts
Emission of poisonous gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

As the exhaust passes though the analytic converters , __Are converted to ___ and ____ .

A

Unburnt hydrocarbons
CO2
H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Through catalytic converters , CO is change to ____and NITRIC OXIDE is changed to ______ .

A

CO2

N2 gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Motor vehicles equipped with catalytic inverters should use ____ because ____ .

A

Unleaded petrol

Lead in the petrol inactivated the catalyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In India , ______came into force in 1981 .

A

Air act ( prevention and control of pollution )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Air act was amended in _____to include noise as an __pollutant .

A

1987

AIR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Noise causes __and ____disorders in humans .

A

Psychological

Physiological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A brief exposure to extremely high level , _____ or more generated by TAKE OFF OF A JET PLANE OR ROCKET may damage eardrums .

A

150 dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

_____ to a relatively lower noise level of cities may permanently damage hearing abilities of humans .

A

Chronic exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Noise can cause _____ ,_____,_____ thus considerably stressing humans .

A

Sleeplessness
Inc heart beat
Altered breathing pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

____of laws laid down in relation to noise like ______ of horn-free zones around hospitals and schools need to be enforced to protect ourselves from noise pollution .

A

Stringent following

Delimitation of horn-free zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Reduction in noise in industries can be affected by use of ____ or by ____ .

A

Sound-absorbent materials

Muffling noise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Delhi has more cars than the states of ____ and ____ put together .

A

Gujarat

West Bengal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In 1990s , Delhi ranked __among the ___ most polluted cities of the world .

A

4th

41

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ir pollution problems in Delhi became so serious that a _____ was filed in the Supreme Court of India .

A

PIL(public interest limitation )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What was the consequence of PIL ?

A

All public transport was to be switched from diesel to CNG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

All the buses of Delhi were converted to run on CNG by the end of ____ .

A

2002

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How is CNG better than petrol ?

A

1) burns most efficiently
2) very little of it is left unburnt
3) CNG is cheaper than petrol
4) cannot be siphoned off by thieves and adulterated like petrol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Main problem of switching over to CNG is the -

A

Difficulty of laying down pipelines to deliver CNG through distribution points /pumps and ensuring uninterrupted supply .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Parallel steps taken in Delhi for reducing vehicular pollution -

A 
Phasing out of old vehicles 
Use of unleaded petrol
Low-sulphur petrol
Use of catalytic converters 
Application of stringent pollution-level norms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

More stringent norms for fuels means steadily reducing the ___ and ____ in petrol and diesel fuels .

A

Sulphur

Aromatic content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Euro III norms stipulate that SULPHUR be controlled at ______ in diesel and ______ in petrol .

A

350 ppm - diesel

150 ppm - petrol ⛽️

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

According to Euro III norms , AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS are to be contained at _____% of the concerned fuel .

A

42%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The goal of EuroIII according to the roadmap , is to reduce SULPHUR to ____ in petrol and diesel and bring down the level to ____ % .

A

50 ppm

35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

_____is equivalent to Euro II norms .

A

Bharat Stage II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

______ are no more applicable in any of the cities of India .

A

Mass emission standards ( bharat stage II = Euro II norms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

According to an estimate , a substantial fall in CO2 and SO2 level has been found in Delhi btw ____and ____ .

A

1997

2005

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The gov of India has passed the Water Act ( prevention and control of pollution ) ..

A

1974

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

A mere __% impurities make domestic sewage unfit for humans .

A

0.1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

In sewage treatment , ___ are relatively easy to remove . What is most difficult to remove are _______ .

A

Solids

Dissolved salts such as nitrates ,phosphates , other nutrients and toxic metal ions and organic matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The 0.1% impurities in water consist of -

A

Suspended solids - sand, silt ,clay
Colloidal material - fecal matter ,bacteria, cloth , paper fibres
Dissolved materials. - nutrients ( nitrates , ammonia ,phosphates, sodium , calcium )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Domestic sewage primarily contains ____ , which readily decomposes - thanks to ___and ____ , which can multiply using these organic substances as ______ and hence utilise some of the components of sewage .

A

Biodegradable organic matter
Bacteria
Other microorganisms
Substrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

It is possible to estimate _____ by measuring BOD.

A

Amt of biodegradable organic matter in sewage water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Presence of large amts of nutrients in water also cause _____ , this is called ALGAL BLOOM .

A

Excessive growth of PLANKTONIC ( free-floating ) algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

__imparts distinct colour to the water bodies .

A

Algal bloom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Algal bloom causes __and ____ .

A

Deterioration of water quality

Fish mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Some __algae are extremely toxic to human beings and animals .

A

Bloom -forming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

World’s most problematic weed -

A

Water hyacinth ( eichhornis crassipes )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Sewage from __and ____ may cause outbreak serious disease such as dysentery , typhoid , jaundice , cholera ,etc .

A

Homes

hospitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Unlike domestic sewage , waste water from ___,like ___,_____etc often contain toxic substances , notably HEAVY METALS and a variety of organic compounds .

A 
Industries
Petroleum 
Paper manufacturing 
Metal extraction and processing 
Chemical manufacturing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Heavy metals are elements with DENSITY ____ such as __,__,___,____.

A 
Density > 5 g/cm_3
Mercury
Cadmium
Copper 
Lead
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Biomagnification occurs in the ___chain .

A

Aquatic food chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Inc in conc of toxicant at successive trophic levels happens because _____ .

A

A toxic subs accumulated by an organism cannot be metabolized or excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Biomadnification is well known for -

A

Mercury

DDT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Conc of DDT in water -

A

0.003 ppb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Conc of DDT in fish eating birds -

A

25 ppm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Conc of DDT in zooplankton , small fish and large fish resp -

A

0.04 ppm
0.5 ppm
2 ppm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

High levels of DDT disturb ____ in birds , which causes ____ and their ____ eventually causing decline in bird populations .

A

Ca metabolism
Thinning of eggshell
Premature breaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Eutrophication is the natural aging of lake by ____ .

A

Nutrient enrichment of its water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

In an OLD lake , streams draining into the lake introduce N and P , which encourage the ______ .

A

Growth of aquatic organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

In a young lake ,the water is cold and clear , supporting _____ .

A

Little life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Due to eutrophication , the lake’s __inc , but ___burgeons .

A

Fertility

Plant and animal life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What is the ultimate result of eutrophication -

A

Organic remains get deposited lake bottom , lake gets shallower and warmer , , marsh plants take root in the shallows and begin to fill the lake basin , which gives way to large masses of floating plants (BOG ), finally converting to LAND .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

As the lake gets shallower and warmer , ____ organisms supplant those that thrive in a ___.

A

Warm-water organisms

Cold environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Depending on __,____ and ___ , the natural aging of lake takes thousands of yrs .

A

Climate
Size o lake
Other factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Man’s activities like effluents from industries and homes can radically accelerate eutrophication - this is called -

A

Cultural or accelerated eutrophication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

N and P act as plant nutrients and overstimulate ____ , causing _____ and ____ .

A

Growth of algae
Unsightly scum
Unpleasant odors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

_____eliminates or reduces the number of organisms sensitive to high temp and MAY ENHANCE GROWTH OF PLANTS AND FISHES IN EXTREMELY COLD AREAS BUT , ONLY AFTER CAUSING DAMAGE TO THE INDIGENOUS FLORA AND FAUNA .

A

Heated thermal waste water , flowing out of electricity -generating units, ( thermal power plants )

75
Q

An example of an initiative where waste wat has been treated using a mix of artificial and natural processes -

A

Arcata -northern coast of California

76
Q

Collaborating with _____ from ______ , the ____created an integrated waste water treatment process within a natural system .

A

Biologists
Humboldt state university
Townspeople

77
Q

The cleaning in arcata marsh occurs in __stages . Name -

A

2

1) conventional SEDIMENTATION , FILTERING and CHLORINE TREATMENT
2) six connected MARSHES over 60 hectares of marshland . Appropriate plant s, algae, fungi were seeded into this area .

78
Q

After the 1st stage of cleaning process (sedimentation , filteration , chlorine ) , _____ like ____still remain .

A

Lots of dangerous pollutants

Heavy metals

79
Q

To remove heavy metals , _____ was done ..

A

6 Marshes were created

80
Q

Appropriate __,___,__and __were seeded into the marshes , which ____ ,___and ____ the pollutants ( heavy metals ).

A 
Plants 
Algae 
Fungi
Bacteria 
Neutralise 
Absorb 
Assimilate
81
Q

As water passes through the marshes ,it gets purified ____.

A

Naturally

82
Q

The marshes also constitute a ____ , with a high level of _____in the form of ___,____ and ____ that now reside there .

A 
Sanctuary 
Biodiversity 
Fishes 
Animals 
Birds
83
Q

A _grp called ______ are responsible for the upkeep and safeguarding of the arcata project ..

A

Citizen

Friends of arcata marsh ( FOAM )

84
Q

______is a sustainable system for handling human excreta , using ____.

A

Ecological sanitation

Dry composting toilets

85
Q

There are working ‘ECOSAN’ toilets in many areas of ____and ____ .

A

Kerala

Sri Lanka 🇱🇰

86
Q

_____refers to anything that goes out in trash .

A

Solid wastes

87
Q

___are wastes from homes ,offices ,stores ,schools ,hospitals etc .

A

Municipal solid wastes

88
Q

___Reduces the volume of wastes .

A

Burning

89
Q

___Are adopted as substitute for open -burning dumps .why ?

A

Sanitary landfills

In open dumps , wastes are not completely burnt and serve as breeding ground for rats and flies

90
Q

There is danger of _____ from the LANDFILLS .

A

Seepage of chemicals , polluting the underground water resources .

91
Q

All Wastes that we generate can be categorized into __types .name -

A

3
Bio-degradable
Recyclable
Non-biodegradable

92
Q

The use of _____ is crucial to disposal of hospital waste . Why ?

A

Incinerators

Becoz they contain disinfectants and other harmful chemicals and pathogenic micro-organisms .

93
Q

E-wastes are buried in ___or _____ .

A

Landfills

Incinerated

94
Q

Over ____of the e-wastes generated in developed countries are exported to developing countries , mainly to ___,____and____ .

A

Half
China
India
Pakistan

95
Q

By recycling e-wastes metals like __,___ ,__ ,___and ___ are recovered .

A 
Copper 
Iron 
Silicon 
Nickel 
Gold
96
Q

Unlike developed countries , recycling of e-wastes in developing countries often involves _____ thus ____ .

A

Manual participation

Exposing workers to toxic substances present in e-wastes

97
Q

____ is the only solution for the treatment of e-wastes ,provided it is carried out in an environment - friendly manner .

A

Recycling

98
Q

A PLASTIC SAC MANUFACTURER in _____ has managed to find the ideal sol to the problem of plastic waste .

A

Bangalore

99
Q

____ , aged ____ had been producing plastic sacs for ___yrs .

A

Ahmed khan
57 yrs
20yrs

100
Q

About ___yrs ago , Ahmed khan realised that plastic waste was a real problem .

A

8 yrs

101
Q

______ , a fine powder of _____ w developed by Ahmed khan’s company.

A

Poly blend

Recycled modified plastic

102
Q

Mixture of poly blend mixed with _____ is used for laying roads.

A

Bitumen

103
Q

Blends of poly blend and bitumen when used for laying roads enhanced BITUMEN’S ____ and helped to inc the road life by a factor of ____ .

A

Water repelling properties

3

104
Q

In collaboration with _____ and the ___ , Ahmed Khan proved that blends of poly blend and bitumen enhanced the prop of bitumen .

A

R.V college of engineering

Bangalore city corporation

105
Q

Against the price of Rs.0.40 that rag pickers had been getting , khan offers ___ .

A

Rs 6

106
Q

Using khan’s tech , by the year ___ , more than ___ km road in Bangalore has already been laid .

A

2002

40km

107
Q

____is a cyclic ,zero waste procedure , where waste products from one process are cycled in as nutrients for other processes .

A

Integrated organic farming

108
Q

_____ , a farmer in ____ is known for integrated organic farming .

A

Ramesh Chandra dagar

Sonipat

109
Q

Ramesh Chandra dagar includes ___,___,____,____ and _____ in a chain of processes .

A 
Bee-keeping 
Dairy management 
Water harvesting
Composting 
Agriculture
110
Q

Crop waste is used to create ____ , high can be used as a ___ or ____ .

A

Compost
Natural fertilizer
To generate natural gas to satisfy the energy needs of the farm .

111
Q

Dagar has created _____with a current membership of ____ farmers .

A

Haryana kisan welfare club

5000 farmers

112
Q

Initially , ____ was hailed as a non-polluting way for generating electricity .

A

Nuclear energy

113
Q

Later on ,it was realised that use of nuclear energy has ____very serious ____problems .

A

2

Inherent

114
Q

2 serious inherent problems with nuclear energy -

A

Accidental leakage

Safe disposal of radioactive wastes

115
Q

Accidental leakage occurred in ____ and ____ .

A

3 mile island

Chernobyl disaster

116
Q

At high doses , nuclear radiation is lethal but at lower doses , it creates various _____ , the most freq of all being _____ .

A

Disorders

Cancer

117
Q

It has been recommended that storage of nuclear wastes , after sufficient PRE-TREATMENT should be done in suitably ____ buried with the ___ , about _____ m deep .

A

Shielded containers
Rocks
500m

118
Q

The greenhouse effect is a ____ phenomenon .

A

Naturally occuring

119
Q

Greenhouse gases absorb ____ from the earth nd emit it again towards the earth .

A

Long wave radiation ( infrared )

120
Q

The cycle of absorption of infrared radiations from earth and emitting them back continues till _____.

A

No long wave radiation is left on the earth’s surface to emit

121
Q

Without greenhouse effect , the avg temp of the earth would have been ____ rather than the PRESENT _____ .

A

-18 degree (chilly )

15 degrees

122
Q

CLOUDS and GASES reflect about _____ of the incoming solar radiations and absorb some of it .

A

One -fourth

123
Q

Almost ____of incoming solar radiation falls on the earth heating it , while a small proportion is reflected back .

A

Half

124
Q

Earth’ surface re-emits heat in the form of _____ but part of it does not escape into space as _____ absorb a MAJOR FRACTION of it .

A

Infrared radiations

Atm gases. ( co2 , CH4 )

125
Q

What role do greenhouse gases play in heating up ?

A

The molecules of the gases which absorb infrared rad radiate energy and a major part of which again comes to earth’s surface , thus heating it once again . This cycle is repeated many times

126
Q

During the past century , the temp of earth has inc by ___ degrees , most of it during the past ____ .

A

0.6 degree

3 decades

127
Q

Scientists believe that rise in temp is. Leading to ____ changes in the environment and resulting in ____ changes called _____ .

A

Deleterious
Odd climatic
El Niño effect

128
Q

El NIno effect leads to inc ____ .

A

Melting of polar ice caps as well as of other places like the Himalayan snow caps .

129
Q

Ozone layer is thinnest over _____ .

A

Antarctica

130
Q

Ozone thickness is given in _______ .

A

Dobson units

131
Q

The ozone hole over Antarctica develops each year btw ____and ____.

A

Late August

Early October

132
Q

Bad ozone is formed in the ____atm called ____.

A

Lower

Troposphere

133
Q

Bad ozone harms ____.

A

Plants and animals

134
Q

Good ozone is formed in the upper part of the atm called ___.

A

Stratosphere

135
Q

Us rays are highly injurious to living organisms since ____and ____ of living organisms preferentially ____ UV rays and its high energy breaks the ____ within these molecules .

A

DNA
Protein
Absorb
Chemical bonds

136
Q

Ozone gas is continuously formed by the action of ____on ____and also degraded into_____ in the _____ .

A

UV rays
Molecular Oxygen
Molecular oxygen
Stratosphere

137
Q

There should be a balance of ___and _____of ozone in the _____ .

A

Production
Degradation.
Stratosphere

138
Q

The balance of ozone production and degradation has been disrupted due to enhancement of ____ .

A

Ozone degradation by CFCs

139
Q

CFCs find wide use. ____ .

A

Refrigerants

140
Q

CFCs discharged in the lower atm move upward and reach ___ .

A

Stratosphere

141
Q

In stratosphere , __rays act on ___ releasing ___atoms .

A

UV
CFCs
Cl atoms

142
Q

Cl formed from CFCs degrades __ , with these atoms acting merely as ____ .

A

Ozone releasing molecular oxygen

Catalysts

143
Q

__act as catalysts for the degradation of ozone . Why ?

A

Cl atoms

Not consumed in the reaction.

144
Q

Whatever Cl atoms are added to the stratosphere , they have. ____and ____ effects on Ozone levels .

A

Permanent

Continuing

145
Q

UV radiation of wavelength SHORTER than ____ are almost completely absorbed by earth’s atm , given. That the ozon layer is intact .

A

UV-B

146
Q

UV-B damage _____ and __may occur .

A

DNA

Mutations

147
Q

Effect of UV-B on skin -

A

Aging of skin
Damage to skin cells
Various types of skin cancers

148
Q

In human eye , ____ absorb UV-B radiation and a high doses of UV-B causes _____, called snow-blindness , ____ .

A

Inflammation of CORNEA

Cataract

149
Q

Recognizing the deleterious effects of ozone depletion , an international treaty known as _____ was signed at _____ .

A

Montreal protocol

Montreal ( Canada )

150
Q

Montreal. Protocol was signed in ___ and was effective in _____ to control the emission of OZONE DEPLETING subs .

A

1987

1989

151
Q

Protocols have laid down ____ , separately for ___and ___ , for reducing the emission of CFCs and other ozone depleting chemicals .

A

Definite roadmaps

Developed and developing countries

152
Q

_____of natural resources an occur by improper resource utilisation .

A

Degradation

153
Q

Degradation of natural resources leads to -

A

1) soil erosion and desertification

2) water logging and soil salinity

154
Q

When large barren patches extend and meet over time , a ____is created .

A

Created

155
Q

Internationally , it has been recognised that ____ is a major problem nowadays , particularly due to urbanization .

A

Desertification

156
Q

____without proper drainage of water leads to water-logging .

A

Irrigation

157
Q

Besides affecting crops , water logging draws ____ .

A

Salt to the surface of the soil .

158
Q

The increased salt content due to water logging is INIMICAL to the ___and extremely damaging to ____ .

A

Growth of crops

Agriculture

159
Q

___and ____are some the problems that have come in the wake of GREEN REVOLUTION .

A

Water logging

Soil salinity

160
Q

The salt is deposited as a thin crust on the land surface or starts collecting at the ____ .

A

Roots of the plant

161
Q

Almost __% forests have been lost in TROPICS , compared to only __% in the TEMPERATE region .

A

40%

1%

162
Q

At the beginning of te 20th century , forests covered about ___% of the land of India .

A

30%

163
Q

By the end of the century , forest cover in India shrunk to ___% , where’s the national forest policy has recommended __% forest cover for PLAINS and ___% for the hills .

A

21.54%
33%
67%

164
Q

National forest policy was made in___ .

A

1988

165
Q

One of the major reasons for deforestation -

A

Conversion of forest to agricultural land to feed the growing human population

166
Q

__agriculture has also contributed to deforestation .

A

Slash-and-burn

167
Q

Slash and burn agriculture ,commonly called ___ in the __states of India .

A

Jhum cultivation

North-eastern sates

168
Q

In slash and burn agriculture ,the farmers cutdown the trees and ______ .

A

And burn the plant remains

169
Q

The ash in slash and burn agriculture is used as a ____ and the land is then used for _____. The farmers then ___.

A

Fertilizer
Farming or cattle grazing
Move on to other areas and repeat the process

170
Q

In earlier days when Jhum cultivation was prevalent , ____was given so that the land recovered from ____ . With inc population and repeated cultivation , __Phase is done away with , resulting in deforestation .

A

Enough time-gap
the effect of cultivation
Recovery

171
Q

Consequences of deforestation -

A

Enhanced CO2 conc in atm

Loss of biodiversity

172
Q

Conc of CO2 inc in the atm due to deforestation becoz -

A

Trees could a lot of C in their biomass are lost

173
Q

Deforestation causes loss of biodiversity due to _______ , disturbs ___ , causes ___and may lead to ___ in extreme cases .

A

Habitat destruction
Hydrologic cycle
soil erosion
Desertification

174
Q

___ is a process of restoring forests that once existed but were lost .

A

Reforestation

175
Q

Reforestation may occur ____ in a __area

A

Naturally

Deforested

176
Q

In ___ , the king of jodhpur in Rajasthan asked his ministers to arrange wood for his palace .

A

1731

177
Q

The __community is known for their peaceful existence with nature .

A

Bishnoi

178
Q

A bishnoi woman , ____ hugged the tree .

A

Amrita Devi

179
Q

The gov of India has recently instituted the _______ award for indivisuals or communities from rural areas that have shown extraordinary courage and dedication in protecting wildlife .

A

Amrita Devi bishnoi wildlife protection award

180
Q

The chipko movement of ____ occurred in ___ .

A

Garhwal Himalayas

1974

181
Q

In ___ , local women enormous bravery in protecting trees from the axe of contractors by hugging them .

A

1974

182
Q

Releasing the significance of participation by local communities , the gov of India in ____ has introduced the concept of ___ .

A 
1980s
JFM (joint forest management )
183
Q

In return for their services to the forest , the communities of JFM get benefit of various forest products e.g., ______ , and thus the forest can be conserved in a sustainable manner .

A

Fruits
Gum
Rubber
Medicine

Human Health (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions