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Human Health > Ecosystem > Flashcards

Ecosystem Flashcards

1
Q

An ECOSYSTEM can be visualized as a ____ of nature , where living organisms interact among ____ and also with the _____ .

A

Functional unit
Themselves
Surrounding physical environment

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2
Q

Many ecologists regard the _____ as a composite of all the local ecosystems on Earth .

A

Entire biosphere

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3
Q

_,___and____are some examples of terrestrial ecosystems .

A

Forest
Grassland
Desert

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4
Q

Some examples of aquatic ecosystems -

A 
Pond
Lake 
Wetland 
River 
Estuary
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5
Q

Man made ecosystems -

A

Crop field

Aquarium

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6
Q

The structure of ecosystem consists of - INPUT=____, transfer of energy =____ and OUTPUT =______ .

A

Productivity
Food chain /web , nutrient cycling
Degradation , energy loss

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7
Q

Interaction of __and ___ result in a physical structure that is characteristic for each type of ECOSYSTEM .

A

Biotic

Abiotic components

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8
Q

Identification and ENUMERATION of plant and animal species of an ecosystem gives its ____ .

A

Species composition

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9
Q

___ of diff species occupying diff levels is called STRATIFICATION .

A

Vertical distribution

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10
Q

Trees occupy the top vertical strata of forest , __ the second and ____ and ___ , the bottom layer .

A

Shrubs
Herbs
Grasses

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11
Q

The structure of ecosystem consists of -

A

Species composition

Stratification

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12
Q

The ASPECTS which make the ecosystem function as a unit are -

A

1) productivity
2) decomposition
3) energy flow
4) nutrient cycling

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13
Q

Give an example of a fairly self-sustainable ecosystem unit and rather a type that explain even the complex interactions that exist in an aquatic ecosystem .

A

Pond

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14
Q

A pond is a shallow water body in which all the ___ components of an ecosystem are well exhibited .

A

4 basic

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15
Q

The abiotic component of a pond ecosystem is __with all the ___ and ___at the bottom of the pond .

A

Water
Dissolved inorganic and organic substances
Rich soil deposit

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16
Q

The ___, ____ ____ and ____ regulate the rate of function of the entire pond .

A

Solar input
Cycle of temp
Day -length
Other climatic conditions

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17
Q

The __component of pond include PHYTOPLANKTON .

A

AUTOTROPHIC

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18
Q

The CONSUMERS are represented by _____ in a pond .

A

Zooplankton

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19
Q

The decomposers in a pond are ___ ,____and ____ especially abundant in the _____ .

A

Fungi
Bacteria
Flagellates
Bottom of the pond

20
Q

There is a ____ movement of entry towards ____ and its dissipation and loss as heat to the environment .

A

Unidirectional

Higher trophies levels

21
Q

Autotrophs convert __to __material with the help of radiant energy .

A

Inorganic

Organic

22
Q

A CONSTANT ____ is the basic req for ANY ecosystem .to function and sustain .

A

Solar energy

23
Q

_____ is defined as the at of BIOMASS do organic matter produced per unit area over a time period by plants during photosynthesis .

A

Prim PRODUCTION

24
Q

Primary production is expressed in terms of WEIGHT as ____ or energy as _____ .

A

gm _2

Kcal m_2

25
Q

The rate of biomass production is called ___ .

A

Productivity

26
Q

Productivity is expressed in terms of -

A

gm_2 yr_1

kcal m_2 yr_1

27
Q

_____ of an ecosystem is the rate of production of ORGANIC MATTER during photosynthesis .

A

Gross prim productivity ( GPP )

28
Q

A considerable amt of _____ is utilised by plants in respiration .

A

GPP

29
Q

NPP =_____ -_____ .

A

GPP - RL

30
Q

NPP is the available biomass for the consumption to ____ .

A

Heterotrophs ( herbivores / decomposers )

31
Q

Sec productivity is defined as the rate of formation of ___ by CONSUMERS .

A

New ORGANIC MATTER

32
Q

Prim productivity depends on the ____ .

A

Plant species inhabiting a PARTICULAR AREA

33
Q

Prim productivity also depends on a ____, ___ and _____ of plants .

A

Variety of environmental factors
Availability of nutrients
Photosynthetic capacity of plants

34
Q

__ varies in diff types of ecosystems .

A

Prim productivity

35
Q

The annual NET PRIM PRODUCTIVITYof the whole BIOSPHERE is approx _____ .

A

170 billion tons ( dry wt ) of organic matter

36
Q

Oceans occupy _____% of the surface , but their productivity is only _____ TONS .

A

70%
55 billion tons
(P of rest of biosphere = 170-55 =115 BILLION TONS )

37
Q

Productivity of land =

A

115 billion tons

38
Q

Decomposers break __into ____ .

A

Complex organic matter

Inorganic substances like CO2 , H2O , nutrients

39
Q

_____is the raw material for decomposition .

A

Detritus

40
Q

What constitutes detritus ?

A

Dead plant remains - leaves ,bark , flowers

Dead remains of animals including fecal matter .

41
Q

Earthworms break ____into smaller particles , therefore they are called _____ .

A

Detritus

Detrivores

42
Q

The process by which earthworms ( detrivores ) break down detritus into smaller particles is called -

A

Fragmentation

43
Q

By the process of leaching , ____ go down into the soil horizon and get PRECIPITATED AS _____ .

A

Soluble inorganic nutrients

Unavailable salts

44
Q

______degrade detritus into simpler inorganic substances .

A

Bacterial and fungal ENZYMES

45
Q

The process by which bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade. Detritus into simpler inorganic substances is called -

A

Catabolism

46
Q

Diff btw fragmentation and catabolism ?

A

Frag - by earthworm ; breakdown into smaller particles ( physical process )
Cata - by bacterial and fungal enzymes ; breakdown into simpler inorganic substances ( chemical process )

Human Health (8 decks)

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