ENT2 Flashcards by Abby David

Narrowest segment of the facial nerve

A. Labyrinthine segment
B. Tympanic segment
C. Meatal segment
D. Mastoid segment

A. Labyrinthine segment

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Imaging shows “steeple” sign on the anteroposterior view, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Croup
B. Epiglottitis
C. Tracheitis
D. Foreign body aspiration

A. Croup

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The largest cartilage in the larynx and is suspended by the hyoid bone

A. Thyroid cartilage
B. Hyoid bone
C. Cricoid cartilage
D. Epiglottis

A. Thyroid cartilage

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This is the primary and most primitive function of the larynx

A. Protection
B. Cough
C. Control of ventilation
D. Sensory receptors

A. Protection

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This is known as the dilation of the appendix of the ventricles of the larynx which filled with air or fluid

A. Laryngocele
B. Vocal cord nodule
C. Vocal cord polyp
D. Vocal cord cyst

A. Laryngocele

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Most common causative organism of acute otitis media

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Haemophilus influenzae
C. Moraxella catarrhalis
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

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The chief moving parts of the larynx

A. True vocal folds
B. False vocal folds
C. Arytenoids
D. Aryepiglottic folds

C. Arytenoids

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Special sensory fibers that provide special taste sensation in the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

A. Chorda tympani
B. Greater superficial petrosal nerve
C. Marginal mandibular nerve
D. Temporal nerve

A. Chorda tympani

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BPPV most commonly affects this inner ear structure

A. Anterior SCC
B. Horizontal SCC
C. Posterior SCC
D. Superior SCC

C. Posterior SCC

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These are distinct condensations of tissue that give rise to the different structures of the ear

A. Foramen of Huschke
B. Hillocks of His
C. Fissures of Santorini
D. Fossa Triangularis

B. Hillocks of His

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Most common intracranial complication of otitis media

A. Brain abscess
B. Facial nerve palsy
C. Meningitis
D. Subperiosteal abscess

C. Meningitis

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This is the shortest segment of the facial nerve, approximately 4 mm

A. Labyrinthine segment
B. Tympanic segment
C. Meatal segment
D. Mastoid segment

A. Labyrinthine segment

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Swimmer’s ear is also known as what type of ear condition

A. Chronic suppurative otitis media
B. Otitis media with effusion
C. Otomycosis
D. Otitis externa

D. Otitis externa

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The leading cause of childhood hearing loss

A. Chronic suppurative otitis media
B. Otitis media with effusion
C. Otomycosis
D. Otitis externa

B. Otitis media with effusion

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This is the site most likely the facial nerve is entrapped due to inflammatory swelling

A. Labyrinthine segment
B. Tympanic segment
C. Meatal segment
D. Mastoid segment

C. Meatal segment

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Forms the protuberance known as Adam’s apple

A. Thyroid cartilage
B. Hyoid bone
C. Cricoid cartilage
D. Epiglottis

A. Thyroid cartilage

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This is a funnel-shaped cartilaginous structure that is continuous with the meatus and the EAC

A. Tragus
B. Helix
C. Lobule
D. Auricle

D. Auricle

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First branch of the facial nerve as it exits the intracranium

A. Chorda tympani
B. Greater superficial petrosal nerve
C. Marginal mandibular nerve
D. Temporal nerve

B. Greater superficial petrosal nerve

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The only complete ring in the airway and shaped like a signet ring

A. Thyroid cartilage
B. Hyoid bone
C. Cricoid cartilage
D. Epiglottis

C. Cricoid cartilage

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Naturally occurring defects in the cartilaginous portion of the EAC that provide avenues of spread of infection to the superficial lobe of the parotid gland

A. Foramen of Huschke
B. Hillocks of His
C. Fissures of Santorini
D. Fossa Triangularis

C. Fissures of Santorini

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The space between the free margin of the true vocal folds

A. Pyriform fossa
B. Glottis
C. Supraglottis
D. Subglottis

B. Glottis

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This condition refers to inflammatory effusion behind an intact tympanic membrane

A. Chronic suppurative otitis media
B. Otitis media with effusion
C. Otomycosis
D. Otitis externa

B. Otitis media with effusion

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This is a conduit through which air is exchanged between middle ear space and upper aerodigestive tract

A. Prussack’s space
B. Eustachian tube
C. Hypotympanum
D. Round window

B. Eustachian tube

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How long is the tympanic segment of facial nerve

A. 10 mm
B. 11 mm
C. 12 mm
D. 13 mm

B. 11 mm

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This is the generation of sound by vibration of vocal folds A. Resonance B. Phonation C. Articulation D. Expiratory force

B. Phonation

The tip of the malleus is attached to the depression in the tympanic membrane called A. pars flaccid B. pars tensa C. umbo D. annulus

C. umbo

Space that connect the epitympanum to the antrum of the mastoid bone A. Prussack’s space B. Aditus ad antrum C. Mesotympanum D. Hypotympanum

A. Prussack’s space

Imaging shows “thumb” sign on the lateral view, what is the most likely diagnosis? A. Croup B. Epiglottis C. Tracheitis D. Foreign body aspiration

B. Epiglottis

This is an aggressive infection of the external auditory canal, mastoid, and skull base that can be life threatening A. Cavernous sinus thrombosis B. Necrotizing otitis externa C. Chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma D. Acute mastoiditis with subperiosteal abscess

B. Necrotizing otitis externa

The segment of facial nerve commonly injured during mastoidectomy A. Labyrinthine segment B. Tympanic segment C. Meatal segment D. Mastoid segment

B. Tympanic segment

Complete eye closure with effort is under what House Brackman facial nerve grading system A. Grade II B. Grade III C. Grade IV D. Grade V

B. Grade III

This is the narrowest portion of the external auditory canal A. Lateral 1/3rd of EAC B. Isthmus C. Medial 2/3rd of EAC D. Near the tympanic membrane

B. Isthmus

This condition has the triad of vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus A. BPPV B. Acute labyrinthitis C. Meniere’s disease D. Mondini dysplasia

C. Meniere’s disease

Most common causative organism of chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma A. Streptococcus pneumoniae B. Haemophilus influenzae C. Moraxella catarrhalis D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The only intrinsic muscles of the larynx that is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve A. Thyroarytenoid B. PCA C. LCA D. Cricothyroid

D. Cricothyroid

The strongest of the laryngeal cartilages A. Thyroid cartilage B. Hyoid bone C. Cricoid cartilage D. Epiglottis

C. Cricoid cartilage

This is a leaf shaped structure in the larynx A. Thyroid cartilage B. Hyoid bone C. Cricoid cartilage D. Epiglottis

D. Epiglottis

In adults, the external auditory canal measures approximately A. 1.5 cm B. 2.5 cm C. 3.5 cm D. 4.5 cm

B. 2.5 cm

This is the most common cause of neonatal stridor A. Laryngeal paralysis B. Laryngomalacia C. Subglottic stenosis D. Laryngeal web

A. Laryngeal paralysis

The presence of this at the bony cartilaginous junction of the EAC is pathognomonic of malignant otitis externa A. Circumscribed inflammation of EAC B. Osteomyelitis C. Granulation tissue D. Cholesteatoma

C. Granulation tissue

This segment of facial nerve runs between the lateral SCC and stapes A. Labyrinthine segment B. Tympanic segment C. Meatal segment D. Mastoid segment

B. Tympanic segment

This structure connects the superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerve A. Nerve of Galen B. External branch of SLN C. Internal branch of SLN D. Nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve

A. Nerve of Galen

This is a U-shaped structure that opens posteriorly and is suspended from the base of the skull and mandible by muscles and ligaments A. Thyroid cartilage B. Hyoid bone C. Cricoid cartilage D. Epiglottis

B. Hyoid bone

This structure carries the sensory information from the larynx A. External branch of SLN B. Internal branch of SLN C. RLN D. Nerve of Galen

B. Internal branch of SLN

The only muscle that actively opens the larynx A. PCA B. LCA C. Cricothyroid D. Interarytenoid

A. PCA

Ear infection that involves rapid onset of signs and symptoms of ear canal inflammation A. Swimmer’s ear B. Tropical ear C. Otitis externa D. All of the above

D. All of the above

This line serves as a consistent landmark of the main trunk of the facial nerve as it exits the temporal lobe A. Tympanosquamous suture B. Petrotympanic suture C. Tympanomastoid suture D. Cochlear aqueduct

C. Tympanomastoid suture

The primary adductor of the vocal fold A. PCA B. LCA C. Thyroarytenoid D. Interarytenoid

B. LCA

Patient presents with sore throat, dysphagia, drooling, fever, stridor, dyspnea, and hot potato voice, what is the most likely diagnosis? A. Croup B. Epiglottitis C. Tracheitis D. Foreign body aspiration

B. Epiglottitis

The longest intratemporal portion of facial nerve A. Labyrinthine segment B. Tympanic segment C. Meatal segment D. Mastoid segment

D. Mastoid segment

What branch of the CN VII you are testing when you ask your patient to smile? A. Marginal mandibular B. Zygomatic C. Buccal D. Cervical

A. Marginal mandibular

Naturally occurring defects in the cartilaginous portion of the External Auditory Canal (EAC) that provide avenues of spread of infection or malignancy to the superficial lobe of the parotid gland. A. Fissures of Santorini B. Notch of Rivinus C. Bony-Cartilaginous Junction of the EAC D. Foramen of Huschke

A. Fissures of Santorini

What is the first line antibiotic for acute otitis media? A. Amoxicillin B. Ciprofloxacin C. Cefuroxime D. Clarithromycin

A. Amoxicillin

Most common malignant tumor of the larynx. A. Rhabdomyosarcoma B. Squamous cell carcinoma C. Adenocarcinoma D. Adenoid cystic carcinoma

B. Squamous cell carcinoma

What branch of the facial nerve innervates the occipitalis muscle? A. Posterior auricular nerve B. Greater auricular nerve C. Marginal mandibular D. Cervical

A. Posterior auricular nerve

A highly vascular tissue that is responsible for the metabolic environment of the scala media. A. Spiral ligament B. Spiral lamina C. Stria vascularis D. Habenula perforate

C. Stria vascularis

Patient LM 45 years old, diabetic, complained of excruciating left ear pain associated with fever, loss of appetite, and change in sensorium. On physical examination, there was diffuse swelling in the auricle and surrounding periauricular skin with narrowed external auditory canal. What is the most likely diagnosis of the patient? A. Malignant otitis externa B. Chronic otitis externa C. Diffuse otitis externa D. Localized otitis externa

A. Malignant otitis externa

The superior vestibular nerve innervates the following, except: A. Superior Semicircular Canal B. Posterior Semicircular Canal C. Lateral Semicircular Canal D. Utricle

B. Posterior Semicircular Canal

The following are the infrahyoid muscles or strap muscles of the larynx except? A. Omohyoid B. Thyrohyoid C. Sternothyroid D. Digastric

D. Digastric

Patient LT came in due to facial asymmetry for 5 days. His condition was associated with ear pain and vesicular eruption at the pre-auricular area. What is the diagnosis? A. Malignant Otitis Externa B. Bell's Palsy C. Herpes Zoster Oticus D. Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

D. Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

What do you call the space medial to the tympanic membrane that extends from the Eustachian tube opening anteriorly to the facial nerve posteriorly? A. Mesotympanum B. Epitympanum C. Prussak space D. Hypotympanum

A. Mesotympanum

Responsible for the special taste sensory function of the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue. A. Hypoglossal nerve B. Chorda tympani C. Glossopharyngeal nerve D. Greater petrosal nerve

B. Chorda tympani

Carries parasympathetic preganglionic fibers from the facial nerve that synapse with the lacrimal gland and the mucosal glands of the nose, palate, and pharynx. A. Posterior auricular nerve B. Lingual nerve C. Geniculate ganglion D. Greater superficial petrosal nerve

D. Greater superficial petrosal nerve

This is a snail-shaped structure that has a wide diameter at the base which narrows for 2 and a quarter turns until it reaches its apex. A. Organ of Corti B. Saccule C. Cochlea D. Semicircular Canal

C. Cochlea

What is the first line treatment of otitis externa? A. Oral antibiotic B. Oral antibiotic and topical antibiotic C. Topical therapy D. Prevention

D. Prevention

The motor root of the facial nerve exits from what structure to enter into the parotid gland? A. External auditory canal B. Meatal foramen C. Internal auditory canal D. Stylomastoid foramen

D. Stylomastoid foramen

The primary auditory cortex is located on the superior surface of the temporal lobe, Heschl gyrus/ area A1 which corresponds to: A. Brodmann area 41 B. Brodmann area 22 C. Brodmann area 42 D. Brodmann area 21

A. Brodmann area 41

This structure of the larynx is nearly devoid of lymphatics. A. Epiglottis B. True vocal cord C. False vocal cord D. Subglottic area

B. True vocal cord

Patient LT came in due to sudden onset of bilateral ear pain for 3 days associated with decreased hearing, and colds. On otoscopy, the tympanic membrane is bulging with no visible cone of light bilateral. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Chronic otitis media B. Otomycosis C. Chronic suppurative otitis media D. Acute otitis media

D. Acute otitis media

This intrinsic muscle of the larynx functions to lengthen and tenses the vocal cord. A. Cricothyroid B. Posterior cricoarytenoid C. Lateral cricoarytenoid D. Thyroarytenoid

A. Cricothyroid

The following are paired cartilages of the larynx except? A. Cricoid B. Cuneiform C. Arytenoids D. Corniculate

A. Cricoid

What branch of the facial nerve innervates the occipitalis muscle? A. Cervical B. Marginal mandibular C. Greater auricular nerve D. Posterior auricular nerve

D. Posterior auricular nerve

It receives fibers from the motor, sensory, and parasympathetic components of the facial nerve. A. Geniculate ganglion B. Chorda tympani C. Motor truck of the facial nerve D. Greater petrosal nerve

A. Geniculate ganglion

The only intrinsic muscles of the larynx not innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve. A. Lateral cricoarytenoid B. Posterior cricoarytenoid C. Cricothyroid D. Thyroarytenoid

C. Cricothyroid

What branch of the facial nerve you are testing when you ask your patient to close his/her eyes? A. Buccal B. Marginal mandibular C. Temporal D. Zygomatic

D. Zygomatic

Patient LT came in due to left ear pain with discharges for 5 days. On physical examination, tug test and tragal tenderness were present. On otoscopy, there is narrowing of the external auditory canal. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Malignant otitis externa B. Chronic otitis externa C. Localized otitis externa D. Diffuse otitis externa

D. Diffuse otitis externa

Carries parasympathetic preganglionic fibers from the facial nerve that synapse with the lacrimal gland and the mucosal glands of the nose, palate, and pharynx. A. Lingual nerve B. Posterior auricular nerve C. Greater superficial petrosal nerve D. Geniculate ganglion

C. Greater superficial petrosal nerve

Most common laryngeal and upper tracheal neoplasm in newborn and infant. A. Subglottic hemangioma B. Laryngoceles C. Laryngomalacia D. Squamous papilloma

A. Subglottic hemangioma

The cricothyroid muscle is innervated by what nerve? A. External branch of superior laryngeal nerve B. Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve C. Right inferior laryngeal nerve D. Left recurrent nerve

A. External branch of superior laryngeal nerve

What cartilage forms what we call Adam’s apple in males? A. Corniculate B. Cricoid C. Thyroid D. Epiglottis

C. Thyroid

Which ossicle is susceptible to aseptic necrosis due to middle ear infection because it only has a single nutrient vessel and has absence of collateral circulation? A. Body of the incus B. Manubrium of the malleus C. Long Process of the incus D. Foot of stapes

C. Long Process of the incus

The cricothyroid muscle is innervated by what nerve? A. right inferior laryngeal nerve B. external branch of superior laryngeal nerve C. left recurrent nerve D. internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

B. external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

What is the principal dilator of the Eustachian tube? A. Dilator tubae muscle B. Tensor tympani muscle C.Levator veli palatine muscle D.Tensor veli palatini muscle

D.Tensor veli palatini muscle